行政许可承诺制:程序再造与规制创新  

The Administrative Licensing Commitment System: Procedure Reengineering and Regulation Innovation

作　　者：卢超[1] Lu Chao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中国法学》2021年第6期80-98,共19页China Legal Science

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金一般项目“事中事后监管与行政许可改革研究”(项目批准号:21BFX049)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前"放管服"改革背景下,许可承诺制日益得到广泛应用。就其性质而言,许可承诺制通过对传统许可程序的简化再造,降低了市场进入门槛与成本负担,市场申请主体只需作出承诺,便可拟定具备资质,而将风险防控的行政任务交由信用规制等事中事后监管工具来承担,许可承诺制与事中事后监管在这一行政过程中渐次形成"互动共演"的关系。除了程序再造这一属性变化之外,许可承诺制的规制创新集中表现为信用承诺元素与"助推型监管"这两个特征。需要警惕的是,许可承诺制较低的法治化要素带来了不确定风险,其在激发市场活力、兑现行政效率原则的同时,也与其他公法原则之间产生了价值冲突,需要妥善处理效率与安全、创新与合法性之间的关系。The licensing commitment system is widely practiced as one of the regulatory innovations to improve the business environment in contemporary China. The essence of the licensing commitment system is to reduce the entry threshold and cost of the market subject by simplifying and re-engineering the licensing procedure. An applicant is presumed to be qualified to market entry with the commitment only. The administrative task of risk control shall be borne by interim and ex-post regulation tools such as credit regulation. In this process, the licensing commitment system and the interim and ex-post supervision gradually generated into the co-evolutionary relationship. In addition to the procedures reshaping element, the regulatory innovation of the licensing commitment system is characterized by the credit commitment element and nudge-style regulation. While stimulating market vitality and improving administrative efficiency, the licensing commitment system brings legal uncertainty and public law value conflicts. Its effect highly depends on the coordination between efficiency and security, innovation and administrative legitimacy in public law.

关 键 词：许可承诺制 许可程序 规制创新 营商环境 信用规制 事中事后监管 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]