明清历日中的针灸禁忌研究  

Research on the Contraindication of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Almanacs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：宋神秘 SONG Shenmi(School of Technology and Human, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学科技人文研究院,上海201203

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2021年第3期285-304,共20页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“明末以前的传世星命学著作研究:以《四库全书》和《古今图书集成》为主”(项目编号19YJCZH137)。

摘　　要：明《大统历》和清《时宪历》历日记载了两类针灸禁忌:一类为三十日“逐日人神所在不宜针灸”禁忌,另一类是某些日期下的“不宜针刺”历注。这两类禁忌在历日中各有两种表现形式,前者可追溯至公元9世纪上半叶的历日,后者可追溯至东汉年间的历谱。这两类禁忌在内容上源远流长。三十日针灸禁忌的部位主要来源于唐《备急千金要方》,这类禁忌或可追溯至华佗时代的医学文献。“不宜针刺”历注就是神煞“血忌”、“血支”,这两个神煞在历日中的内涵有所演变。Almanacs of the Ming Datong Calendar(大统历)and Qing Shixian Calendar(时宪历)record two kinds of contraindications of acupuncture and moxibustion(zhenjiu jinji,针灸禁忌).One is the item“contraindication of acupuncture due to where the human-spirit stays in each day(zhuri renshen suozai buyi zhenjiu,逐日人神所在不宜针灸)”of thirty days;and the other is the calendar notations of“not appropriate for acupuncture(buyi zhenci,不宜针刺)”under some days,each of which was embodied in two kinds of forms in historical calendars.The former can be traced back to the almanacs in the first half of the ninth century,and the latter can be back to the excavated calendars of the Eastern Han Dynasty.The two contraindications remained part of such content for a long period.The locations in the body where acupuncture was forbidden for thirty days mainly derive from the medical work The Thousand Golden Prescriptions for Emergencies(Beiji qianjin yaofang,备急千金要方),which might be further traced back to the medical works from around the time of the famous doctor Hua Tuo(华佗).And the notation“not appropriate for acupuncture”is just the spirits related to the terms“blood taboos(xueji,血忌)”and“blood branches(xuezhi,血支)”,the meaning of which changed in calendars.

关 键 词：历日 针灸 禁忌 人神 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]