基于主成分分析的融合方法在断裂识别的应用研究  

Application research of fusion method based on principal component analysis in fracture identification

作　　者：王睿 李琼[1,2] 孙华军 何建军[3] WANG Rui;LI Qiong;SUN Huajun;HE Jianjun(Chengdu University of Technology,College of Geophysics,Chengdu 610059,China;Chengdu University of Technology,Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology of Ministry of Education,Chengdu 610059,China;Chengdu University of Technology,College of Information Science&Technology(College of Cybersecurity,Oxford Brookes University),Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球物理学院,成都610059 [2]成都理工大学地球勘探与信息技术教育部重点实验室,成都610059 [3]成都理工大学信息科学与技术学院(网络安全学院、牛津布鲁克斯学院),成都610059

出　　处：《物探化探计算技术》2021年第6期715-723,共9页Computing Techniques For Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05026001-004);国家自然科学基金(41274129);2018年中央支持地方共建学科经费(80000-18Z0140504);双一流建议经费(80000-19Z0204)。

摘　　要：针对于陈官庄古近系沙河街组地层发育的较大断层,进行断裂识别的方法研究。首先根据研究区域的地质资料和测井解释资料,选取能够较好地识别断层的地震属性(如方位角倾角属性、相干属性、构形张量属性和曲率属性);然后沿断层分布位置获取各个优选属性的层位切片,进行单属性分析、解释工作。但单属性分析存在一定的多解性与局限性,为实现地质构造分析、储层预测的目的,最后选择利用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)方法对各个地震属性进行融合处理,得到的综合属性对目标层位的断裂发育情况进行综合评价。结果表明,利用主成分分析(PCA)方法融合得到的综合地震属性相比于单个属性,能更加清晰地反映断层的发育方向和边界范围,对其周围分布的微小裂缝也能有较为明显地刻画;同时,也能反映地层缺失、尖灭等特征;印证了该技术在断裂识别中具有较大的应用潜力。Aim at the large faults developed in the Shahejie formation of the Paleogene in Chenguanzhuang,A method of fault identification was proposed in this article.First of all,according to the geological and logging interpretation data in the study area,selecting seismic attributes can better identify the fault,such as azimuth and dip attributes,coherence attributes,configuration tensor attributes,and curvature attributes;then,obtain layer slices of each preferred attribute along the location of the fault for single-attribute analysis and interpretation.However,single-attribute analysis has certain diversities and limitations.In order to realize the purpose of geological structure analysis and reservoir prediction,the principal component analysis(PCA)method is used to fuse each seismic attribute,and the comprehensive attributes obtained are used for comprehensive evaluation of the fracture development of the horizon.The results show that,compared with a single attribute,the integrated seismic attributes obtained by the fusion of the principal component analysis(PCA)method can more clearly reflect the development direction and boundary range of the fault,and the small fractures distributed around it can also be more clearly described.At the same time,it also reflects the characteristics of stratum missing,pinch-out,etc.It proves that this technology has great application potential in fault identification.

关 键 词：地震属性 属性融合 断裂识别 综合评价 主成分分析 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]