青藏高原白草生殖生长期植株器官生物量分配特征  

Biomass Distribution Characteristics of Organs in the Reproductive Growth Period of Pennisetum centrasiaticum on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：张力天 刘炜 刘德梅[3] 董瑞珍 王晓丽[1] 张敏 仁增曲扎 边巴普尺 杨时海 马玉寿[1] ZHANG Li-tian;LIU Wei;LIU De-mei;DONG Rui-zhen;WANG Xiao-li;ZHANG Min;RENZENG Qu-zha;BIANBA Pu-chi;YANG Shi-hai;MA Yu-shou(Qinghai academy of animal and veterinary science/ Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;Shigatse Baiyacheng Agricultural Products Processing Co., Ltd., Shigatse, Tibet 857800, China;Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution, Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding in Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;Tibet Yunwang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Shigatse, Tibet 857000, China)

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院/青海大学,青海西宁810016 [2]日喀则市百亚成农牧产品加工有限公司,西藏日喀则857800 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室/青海省作物分子育种重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [4]西藏云旺实业有限公司,西藏日喀则857000

出　　处：《草地学报》2021年第12期2694-2702,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：日喀则市种质资源利用与创新综合研究基地;2019-县域创新试点县(祁连县)资助。

摘　　要：为明确白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel.)生殖生长期生物量分配规律,本研究选择西藏自治区日喀则市萨迦县一处白草单优种群落,采用野外调查取样和室内分析方法,研究白草不同生育期的基本生长特征、构件生物量分配特征和构件占比相关关系。结果表明:白草株高、茎粗、凋落物占比、茎占比、叶鞘占比、穗占比、生殖枝占比和地上营养体占比随生育进程呈“∩”型变化;根茎占比从孕穗期65.42%显著下降到灌浆期45.10%,后在成熟期显著上升至63.22%,呈“∪”型变化。白草灌浆期茎叶比2.16,根茎占比45.10%,地上生物量占比达到最大的54.90%,大量干物质未转移至地下部贮存,利用价值最大。因此,白草以地下根茎克隆繁殖作为主要繁殖方式,在生殖生长前期将干物质大量分配到地上部完成有性生殖,在成熟期将干物质转移到地下部贮存。To clarify the characteristic of biomass distribution of Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel,during the reproductive growth periods,a sample site that possessed a dominant community of P.centrasiaticum was selected in Sakya County,Shigatse City,Tibet Autonomous Region.The basic growth characteristics of P.centrasiaticum,the biomass distribution characteristics of the modules,the correlation between the fraction of modules were determined at different growth periods by field survey and laboratory analysis.The results showed that:The plant height,stem diameter,the ratio of litter,stem,leaf sheath,ear,reproductive branches,and aboveground vegetative organ of P.centrasiaticum showed a“∩”type change with the growth process;the ratio of root decreased from 65.42%at the booting stage to 45.10%at the filling stage,and then significantly increased to 63.22%at the maturity stage,showing an“∪”type change.With the stem to leaf ratio was 2.16,and the ratio of root was only 45.10%in the filling stage,P.centrasiaticum possessed the highest value with the largest aboveground biomass percentage of 54.90%.So,clonal reproduction is the main reproduction method of P.centrasiaticum.In the early stage of reproductive growth,P.centrasiaticum distributed a large amount of biomass to the aboveground to complete sexual reproduction.In the maturity stage,the dry matter was transferred underground for storage.

关 键 词：白草 生殖生长 生物量分配 青藏高原 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]