乡村振兴视域下理塘县中扎村的语言生活  

The Language Life of Zhongzha Village in Litang County from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

作　　者：赵春燕 Zhao Chunyan

机构地区：[1]北京华文学院专修部,北京102206

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2022年第1期36-47,共12页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：中央统战部北京华文学院2019年度重点项目“海外藏胞汉语学习的社会语言学研究”(HW-19-A01)。

摘　　要：乡村振兴与乡村语言民生、乡村产业语言和乡村语言教育等有密切的关系。学界当务之急应是了解现状、梳理事实,而非急于给出结论。中扎村的语言,按照使用频率由高到低依次为藏语、汉语和英语。藏语的使用情况比较复杂,受方言、宗教因素影响呈现出多种变体。汉语有普通话和方言变体,英语的使用相对简单。村民对语言使用、语言学习两个话题的讨论,隐含着他们的语言态度:前者涉及藏传佛教通用语、藏语方言和普通话,后者涉及汉语、藏语和英语。村民还面临各种语言困境,主要体现在乡村语言民生、乡村产业语言和乡村语言教育3个方面。其中,由语言不通引起的出行难、看病难和维权难让村民最为忧心,反映了他们最实际、最迫切的语言文字需求。中扎村属于乡村振兴战略规划中的攻坚区,根据布尔迪厄的社会理论,可以从两方面做进一步思考:(1)社会是一个语言市场;(2)信息就是力量。从语言规划角度,建议加大推广国家通用语言文字力度,扫除村民的语言文字障碍。具体来说,一是培养村民基本的听说读写能力,满足日常生活的语言需求。二是培养村民的语言文字信息处理能力,优先解决村民最关心、最直接、最现实的语言民生需求。三是积极发挥新乡贤作用,对乡村中的经济或文化精英人物精准培养,充分发挥他们在语言能力上的引领示范作用。Rural revitalization is closely associated with rural people’s linguistic well-being.The urgent task for academics is to understand the reality of language life in rural China.This study reports a fi eld survey of language use,attitudes,and challenges in a Tibetan village,Zhongzha,in Litang County,western Sichuan Province.Zhongzha is multilingual,where Tibetan,Chinese,and English,in order of frequency of use,are spoken.The use of Tibetan language involves a complex relationship among its di-alects and Buddhist Tibetan,and Chinese has two varieties:Putonghua and Sichuan dialect,but the use of English is limited.The fi eldwork uncovered multitudes of the villagers’language attitudes.The villagers demonstrated diff erent attitudes to the use of Buddhist Tibetan,Tibetan dialects,and Putonghua.They also showed diff erent attitudes regarding learning Chinese,Tibetan,and English.The fi eldwork also found language challenges to villagers’well-beings.They faced language barriers in travel,medical care,and online exchanges.Zhongzha village is located in the key area in China’s rural revitalization strategy and is a sample of villages in western China.Viewing the case of multilingual Zhongzha in terms of Bourdieu’s social theory about the linguistic market and the power of information,we suggest increasing eff orts in the popularization of the national standard language and script in order to eliminate the villagers’language barriers in three measures.First,villagers’basic ability in listening,speaking,reading and writing Chinese should be cultivated to meet their language needs in daily life.The second is to develop villagers’language information processing ability,giving priority to solving their most concerned,most direct,and most realistic language needs in their well-being.The third is to train and cultivate role models so that they may lead villagers in rural economic and cul-tural revitalization.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 语言生活 语言使用 语言态度 语言困境 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]