梅县农村客家话词汇使用现状调查研究  

A Survey of the Current Situation of Hakka Vocabulary Use in Rural Areas in Meixian District

作　　者：邱春安 严修鸿[1] Qiu Chun’an;Yan Xiuhong

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学中国语言文化学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2022年第1期61-74,共14页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“城镇化进程中农村方言文化的困境与出路研究”(16ZDA205)。

摘　　要：对梅县农村地区客家话词汇的使用现状的调查发现,当地人客家话词汇的使用能力呈现出随着年龄的下降而下降的趋势:年龄越大,使用能力越强;年龄越小,使用能力越弱。跟40岁以上人群相比,梅县青少年学生的客家话词汇使用能力发生了较为严重的退化。县城和乡村人群客家话词汇的使用能力存在差异,乡村人群的使用能力比县城人群的强。普通话水平和客家话词汇使用能力之间呈负相关关系。40岁既是词汇掌握程度的分界线,也是普通话水平的分界线,这跟40岁以上人群有一定的农村生活经历和20世纪80年代国家开始在校园大力推广普通话这两个因素密切相关。从乡村振兴的角度思考客家方言文化的传承和保护问题,建议:(1)将方言文化保护跟非物质文化遗产保护进行有效融合,形成方言文化保护和当地经济发展的良性互动;(2)充分利用新媒体,吸引青少年受众。Based on the empirical data obtained through a small-scale survey,this study examines the current situation of Hakka vocabulary use in rural areas in Meixian District.The fi ndings show that the ability to use Hakka vocabulary manifests an intergenerational downward tendency with age decrease.Whereas the older generation has a stronger ability in vocabulary use,the respondents among the younger generation demonstrate a weaker ability in vocabulary use.As compared with people over the age of 40,adolescent students’ability to use Hakka vocabulary has seen a radical decline.There are also diff erences between urban and rural people in their ability to use Hakka vocabulary.The ability of rural inhabitants is stronger than that of people living in the county seat.There exists a negative correlation between the profi ciency of Mandarin and the ability to use Hakka vocabulary,and the age of 40 years emerges as a watershed not only for vocabulary mastery but also for Putonghua profi ciency.This is believed to be closely related to the rural life experience of people over 40 old and the vigorous nationwide promotion of Putonghua on primary and secondary school campuses since the 1980s.Some refl ections and explorations on the preservation of Hakka dialect and culture are also made from the perspective of the ongoing movement of rural revitalization.The article concludes with two suggestions.One is to eff ectively integrate dialectal and cultural maintenance with the initiative for intangible traditional heritage protection,so as to form a benign interaction between dialectal and cultural maintenance and local economic development;the other is to make full use of media technology to make the dialect attractive to young people.

关 键 词：梅县客家话 农村 词汇使用现状 年龄 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]