后凯恩斯主义和古典—马克思主义产能利用率调整机制理论:一个批判性述评  

The Capacity Utilization Adjustment Theory of Post-Keynesian and Classical-Marxian:A Critical Assessment

作　　者：孙小雨 Sun Xiaoyu(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2021年第6期63-89,共27页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“基于马克思主义利润率理论对全球经济长期停滞的理论与政策研究”(20CJL002)的资助。

摘　　要：哈罗德刀刃均衡问题提出了正常产能利用率路径的不稳定性假设。后凯恩斯主义(包括卡莱茨基主义和哈罗德主义),以及古典—马克思主义都对产能利用率不稳定性的调整机制进行了研究。通过比较不同理论,本文从以下两方面对产能调整理论进行了批判性反思。第一,后凯恩斯主义和古典—马克思主义都忽略了长期内需求侧对产能扩张的限制性影响。本文通过引入实现剩余价值率概念,发现维持剩余价值率的目标会迫使企业主动控制产能扩张型投资。第二,如果放弃资本产能比不变的假设,并引入资本深化型投资和产品创新型投资,那么在已有的产能调整研究中,有关低于正常水平的产能利用率会降低投资增长率这一重要设定可能并不成立,从而为分析经济不稳定性和调整机制提供了新的可能路径。The knife-edged equilibrium put forward by Harrod can be interpreted as a proposition that the normal capacity utilization path is knife-edge unstable.Post-Keynesian including Kaleckian and Harrodian,and Classical-Marxian authors have studied the adjustment mechanisms of this kind of instability.By a comparison of different schools,this paper develops the theory of capacity adjustment mechanisms critically from the following two perspectives.Firstly,both post-Keynesian and Classical-Marxian scholars neglect the effect of demand side on adjustment mechanism.This article argues that after introducing the concept of realized surplus value ratio,firms will be forced to restrain the capacity-expanding investment in order to maintain the target of surplus value ratio.Secondly,if the constant capital-capacity ratio assumption is relaxed,and the capital-deepening investment and the product-innovating investment are intruduced,the essential proposition in the existing studies that the downward deviation from normal capacity utilization will reduce the investment growth may fail,which will open up new possible paths for analyzing economic instability and adjustment mechanisms.

关 键 词：哈罗德不稳定性 产能利用率 调整机制 资本产能比 

分 类 号：F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学] F091.3