抗组胺药在变应性鼻炎中的作用机制及应用进展  

Progress in the mechanism and application of antihistamines in allergic rhinitis

作　　者：吴云姣 杨花荣[1] WU Yunjiao;YANG Huarong(Department of Rhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学附属医院鼻咽喉头颈外科,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉颅底外科杂志》2021年第6期742-745,共4页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-skull Base Surgery

摘　　要：变应性鼻炎(AR)是一种鼻黏膜的慢性非感染性炎症,主要是由机体接触致敏变应原后诱发的由特异性免疫球蛋白E(IgE)介导的、多种炎性细胞(如肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞等)参与的鼻黏膜的高敏反应。组胺在AR发病中发挥重要作用,是引起鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕等临床症状的核心介质。抗组胺药物通常通过拮抗组胺相关受体来阻断组胺与受体结合,从而影响变态反应发生的过程。因此,抗组胺药在AR治疗中的应用也越来越重要而广泛。本文主要就抗组胺药在AR中的作用机制及治疗进展作一综述,探讨其在AR的应用价值。Allergic rhinitis(AR)is a chronic non-infectious inflammation of the nasal mucosa.AR is a hypersensitive reaction of nasal mucosa mediated by specific immunoglobulin E(IgE)and involving a variety of inflammatory cells(such as mast cells and basophils,etc.)induced by the body’s exposure to allergens.Histamine plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AR,which is the core mediator of clinical symptoms such as nasal itching,sneezing,and runny nose.Antihistamine drugs usually block histamine binding to histamine-associated receptors by antagonizing them,thus affecting the process of allergy.Therefore,the application of antihistamines in AR treatment is becoming more and more important and widespread.This article mainly reviewed the mechanism and treatment progress of antihistamines in AR,and discussed its application value in AR.

关 键 词：变应性鼻炎 变应原 组胺 组胺受体 抗组胺药 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]