防治芝麻枯萎病和芝麻茎点枯病有效药剂筛选及田间防效  

Screening of Effective Agents for Controlling Sesame Fusarium Wilt and Sesame Stem Spot Blight and Their Field Control Effects

作　　者：杨秀 徐淑兵 金岩[2] 张国福[2] 刘亚利 王红艳[1] YANG Xiu;XU Shu-bing;JIN Yan;ZHANG Guo-fu;LIU Ya-li;WANG Hong-yan(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai′an 271018,Shandong,China;Shandong Provincial Pesticide Detection Institute,Jinan 250100,China;Zhaoyuan Agricultural Technology Extension Shandong,Center,Yantai 265400,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省农药检定所,济南250100 [3]招远市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台265400

出　　处：《农药》2021年第12期928-932,共5页Agrochemicals

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2019JZZY020608)。

摘　　要：[目的]为筛选防治芝麻枯萎病及芝麻茎点枯病的有效杀菌剂,明确大田推荐使用剂量。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法进行室内生物活性测定以及田间药效试验,综合评价药剂对2种芝麻病害的防效。[结果]生物活性测定结果表明:咯菌腈对尖镰孢菌芝麻专化型和菜豆壳球孢菌的EC_(50)值分别为0.176、0.719 mg/L,嘧菌酯对2种病原菌的EC_(50)值分别为0.032、0.315 mg/L,对照药剂苯醚甲环唑的EC_(50)值分别为0.463、0.192 mg/L,EC_(50)值均小于1.0 mg/L,3种药剂的生物活性都很高,咪鲜胺和多菌灵对2种病原菌的EC_(50)值均大于1.0 mg/L,生物活性略低。田间试验结果表明:使用咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂拌种防治这2种病害的有效成分用量为10.0~12.5 g/100kg种子,对芝麻枯萎病和芝麻茎点枯病的防效分别达74.83%~79.63%和64.03%~66.78%。使用嘧菌酯悬浮剂在病害发生前或初发病时喷雾防治有效成分用量为168.75~225.0 g/hm^(2),对2种病害的防效分别达68.12%~86.89%和75.13%~81.57%。[结论]咯菌腈和嘧菌酯都是适合用于防治芝麻枯萎病及芝麻茎点枯病的较高效药剂。[Aims]This study aims to screen out the effective fungicide for control of sesame fusarium wilt and sesame stem rot,and the recommended dosage in field was determined.[Methods]Mycelial growth rate method is adopted to improve the indoor toxicity measurement and field test,the control effect were evaluated comprehensively.[Results]The biological activity test results of virulence test showed that the EC_(50) values of fludioxonil to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami and Macrophomina phaseolina were 0.176 and 0.719 mg/L,respectively,and the EC_(50) values of azoxystrobin to F.oxysporum f.sp.sesami and M.phaseolina were 0.032 and 0.315 mg/L,respectively.While the EC_(50) values of difenoconazole,the control fungicide,against the two diseases were 0.463 and 0.192 mg/L,respectively.The EC_(50) values of the three fungicides were less than 1.0 mg/L,which showed the indoor toxicity of the agents were relatively high.The EC_(50) values of prochloraz and carbendazim were above 1 mg/L,which showed the indoor toxicity of the agents were lower.The recommended field dosage of fludioxonil suspension seed coating was 10.0-12.5 g/100kg seeds,the control effects of the two diseases of sesame fusarium wilt and sesame stem spot blight reached 74.83-79.63 and 64.03-66.78%respectively.The recommended field dosage of azoxystrobin suspension was 168.75-225.0 g/ha,which was sprayed at the initial stage of diseases,the control effect of the two diseases were 68.12-86.89 and 75.13-81.57%,respectively.[Conclusions]Fludioxonil and azoxystrobin are suitable to highly effectively control the two diseases of sesame.

关 键 词：芝麻枯萎病 芝麻茎点枯病 高效药剂 生物活性 田间防效 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学]