三沙湾亚硝酸氮、氨氮、磷酸盐的异常、机制及影响  

Abnormalities,Mechanisms and Effects of Nitrite Nitrogen,Ammonia Nitrogen and Phosphate in Sansha Bay

作　　者：林沐东 于俊杰[2] 刘晓强 牛淑杰 同萌 郭慧婷 李茂田[1,3] Lin Mudong;Yu Junjie;Liu Xiaoqiang;Niu Shujie;Tong Meng;Guo Huiting;Li Maotian(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,China;Institute of Eco-Chongming,Shanghai 202162,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室,上海200241 [2]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016 [3]崇明生态研究院,上海202162

出　　处：《地球科学》2021年第11期4107-4117,共11页Earth Science

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(No.DD20189505);国家自然科学基金项目(No.41671007);国家重点研发计划项目(Nos.2016YFE0133700,2017YFC0506002)。

摘　　要：闽东三沙湾是最典型的多河流汇入的封闭型海湾,是世界上最大的大黄鱼网箱养殖基地和全国最主要的渔业养殖基地之一,多次调查却发现该湾藻类生产量远低于其他海湾,呈现"营养多藻类少"独特的生态特征,但都没有深入讨论其机制.本研究2018-2020年采用定点和大面走航方式,调查了5项营养盐(活性硅酸盐(SiO_(3)-Si)、硝酸氮(NO_(3)-N)、亚硝酸氮(NO_(2)-N)、氨氮(NH_(4)-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO_(4)-P))的潮汐运动及空间分布,结果发现:(1)流域输入导致SiO_(3)-Si、NO_(3)-N落憩浓度大于涨憩浓度,并从岸向湾内随盐度增加而线性减少.(2)湾内养殖和自然生态系统输出导致NO_(2)-N、NH_(4)-N、PO_(4)-P涨憩浓度大于落憩浓度,洪季浓度大于枯季浓度,从岸向湾NO_(2)-N随盐度增加而非线性增加,NH_(4)-N、PO_(4)-P随盐度增加而平均分布等异常现象,但沿岸排污口附近NH_(4)-N、PO_(4)-P呈落憩浓度大于涨憩浓度.(3)湾内养殖和沿岸排污输入的高浓度NH_(4)-N、PO_(4)-P,是三沙湾水质严重污染和富营养化的主要原因,湾内养殖引起的高浓度NO_(2)-N是引起三沙湾"营养多藻类少灾害多"这一独特的生态特征的主要因素.Sansha Bay in East Fujian is the most typical closed bay where many rivers flows into.It is the largest cage breeding base for Pseudosciaena crocea in the world and one of most important fishery breeding bases in China.However,several surveys have found that the algae production in this bay is far low compared to other bays,which presents the unique ecological characteristics of“ more nutrients and less algae ”,but the mechanism has not been discussed in-depth.Using fixedstations and large-scale navigation methods,in this study it investigated the tidal movement and spatial distribution of five nutrients(active silicate(SiO_(3)-Si),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)-N),nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)-N),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)-N) and active phosphate(PO_(4)-P)) in 2018-2020.The results show follows.(1)The upstream input causes the ebb concentration of SiO_(3)-Si and NO_(3)-N to be greater than the rise concentration,and they decrease linearly from the shore to the bay with salinity.(2)The aquaculture in the bay and the output of the natural ecosystem cause the rise concentrations of NO_(2)-N,NH_(4)-N,and PO_(4)-P to be greater than the ebb concentrations,and the concentration in flood season is greater than that in the dry season.NO_(2)-N increases nonlinearity with salinity from the shore to the bay instead of it is an abnormal phenomenon that NH_(4)-N and PO_(4)-P are evenly distributed along with the increase of salinity.However,the fall concentrations of NH_(4)-N and PO_(4)-P near the coastal sewage outlet are greater than the rise concentration.(3) The high concentrations of NH_(4)-N and PO_(4)-P imported from sewage discharge in the bay and coastal areas are the main cause of serious water pollution.Eutrophication in the Sansha Bay is the main factor of the unique ecological characteristics of“ more nutrients and less algae ”.

关 键 词：三沙湾 亚硝酸氮异常 营养盐 富营养化 生态学 

分 类 号：P9[天文地球—自然地理学]