基于碎石屏障的土壤盐渍化改良技术及机理研究  

Technology and Mechanism of Soil Salinization Using Gravel Barrier

作　　者：陶彦臻 苏春利[1] 谢先军[1] 曾邯斌 潘洪捷[2] 闫福贵[2] Tao Yanzhen;Su Chunli;Xie Xianjun;Zeng Hanbin;Pan Hongjie;Yan Fugui(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China;Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Huhhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学环境学院,湖北武汉430078 [2]内蒙古自治区地质调查院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《地球科学》2021年第11期4118-4126,共9页Earth Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区河套灌区盐碱地生物修复与综合开发研究项目(No.2019046338)。

摘　　要：利用碎石屏障阻断非饱和带毛细上升为土壤盐渍化改良提供了新思路.为了研究碎石屏障对盐渍化土壤改良的可行性以及碎石层结构和埋深对改良效果的影响,在河套灌区西部杭锦后旗典型盐渍化分布区建立试验地,设置了7组不同碎石屏障处理工艺开展土壤盐渍化改良试验,对试验地40 cm深度的土壤盐分、pH、阳离子交换量、交换性钠百分率等参数进行了为期一年的监测和分析.结果表明,7组不同处理中,埋设深度为60~80 cm,利用颗粒直径为1 cm和3 cm的碎石按上细下粗的结构分两层铺设的处理方法改良效果最佳;从表层到40 cm深,土壤EC值平均下降55.9%.较大的碎石屏障埋深,上细下粗的铺设方式,可提高下层碎石孔隙度,并在非饱和带深处切断毛细管,从而有效降低土壤毛细上升高度,抑制深层土壤中的盐分上移"返盐",改良效果较好.The use of gravel barrier to block capillary action provides a new idea for soil salinization improvement.In order to demonstrate the feasibility of soil salinization improvement using gravel,a test site was established in the typical salinization distribution area of Hangjin Rear Banner in the west of Hetao irrigation area.Different structures and buried depths of gravel layers were explored to identify the improvement effect of soil salinization.Soil salinity,pH,cation exchange capacity(CEC) and the percentage of sodium exchange were monitored for one year.The results show that among the 7 groups of different treatments,the treatment with buried depth of 60-80 cm and particle diameter of 1 cm and 3 cm was the best condition.The average soil EC value of at the four depths from the surface to 40 cm decreased by 55.9%.The gravel barrier buried deeply and laid down in a fine-grained and coarse manner,which have higher porosity in the bottom layer of the gravel barrier,can cut off the capillary at the deeper depth of unsaturated zone.Therefore,it can decrease effectively the rising height of soil capillary,and inhibit the salt in the deep soils from upward,namely“salt return”.

关 键 词：土壤盐分 碎石屏障 物理改良 毛细作用 河套灌区 生态学 

分 类 号：P95[天文地球—自然地理学]