湖南水口山多金属矿区废石堆重金属污染评价及赋存形态分析  

Heavy Metal Pollution Evaluation and Species Analysis of Waste Rock Piles in Shuikoushan,Hunan Province

作　　者：陈佳木 吴志华[2] 刘文浩[1] 张晓军[1] 张晓平 王琳玲[3] 周淼[2] 齐宇彤 吴云辉 Chen Jiamu;Wu Zhihua;Liu Wenhao;Zhang Xiaojun;Zhang Xiaoping;Wang Linling;Zhou Miao;Qi Yutong;Wu Yunhui(School of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;The 417 Geological Team,Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Hengyang 421001,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学资源学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]湖南省地质矿产勘查开发局四一七队,湖南衡阳421001 [3]华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学》2021年第11期4127-4139,共13页Earth Science

基　　金：湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目(No.2019-06)。

摘　　要：湖南水口山及周边是湖南省重金属污染较为严重的地区之一,龙王山金矿床是该区中部的一个重要金矿床.为调查该矿床废石堆污染状况、是否为周边环境的污染源、污染途径、重金属迁移能力和潜在的危害,对矿区FS17废石堆进行了自然淋滤水和24 m浅钻系统取样,开展重金属元素总量分析,利用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对其重金属污染程度进行污染评价,采用四步改良BCR提取法分析废石堆中8种重(类)金属元素(Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、As和Fe)的赋存形态,并利用迁移指数量化废石堆重金属元素迁移能力;发现废石堆中Cd、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni重金属元素严重超标,且在垂向上分布极不均匀;其自然淋滤水样中重金属元素Cd、Ni、Zn、Cu也严重超标;废石堆浅层重金属元素潜在迁移能力顺序为:Cd>Ni≈Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Fe,深层重金属元素迁移能力顺序为:Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>As>Fe,浅层重金属元素的迁移性大于深层;说明该废石堆重金属元素含量高,是周围环境重要污染源,酸性废水排放为其释放污染元素的主要途径;Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni迁移能力强,是周围环境的主要污染元素;Pb、Ni、As的迁移性在深层明显降低,可以通过埋深来削弱其迁移性,而Cr不会对周边环境产生污染.The Shuikoushan area in Hunan Province is one of the seriously heavy metal pollution areas in Hunan Province.The Longwangshan gold deposit is an important gold deposit in this area.To investigate the pollution source characteristics,pollution pathways,heavy metal mobility,and potential hazards of the waste rock pile of this deposit,a 24 m shallow drilling system was conducted to evaluate the waste rock pile of FS17,and the acidic wastewater from the waste rock pile was collected to analyze the total amount of heavy metals.The single factor index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index suggest that the FS17 contains large amounts of heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Pb,As,Zn,Ni,and Cr) with an unevenly vertical distribution;the natural leaching water samples have high heavy metal contents.The migration index implies that the FS17 has heavy metal potential migration order of Cd>Ni≈Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Fe in shallow layer,and of Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>As>Fe in deep layer.The mobility of heavy metal elements in the shallow layer is greater than that in the deep layer.Thus,in this paper it argues that the FS17 is the main pollution source of heavy metals in this area,and acidic wastewater is the main way to release pollution elements.The heavy metals of Cd,Cu,Zn,and Nihave strongermobility and are main polluting elements forthe surrounding environment.The mobility ofPb,Ni,Asis significantly reduced in the deep layer,and its mobility can be weakened by deep burying,and Cr will not pollute the surrounding environment.

关 键 词：重金属元素 赋存形态 迁移性 污染源 FS17废石堆 水口山矿区 环境地质 

分 类 号：P69[天文地球—地质学]