作为哲学家的陀思妥耶夫斯基及其对20世纪哲学的影响  

Dostoevsky,as a Philosopher,and His Influence on the Philosophy of the Twentieth Century

作　　者： 张百春(译)[2] Igor Evlampiev;Zhang Baichun

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯圣彼得堡大学哲学学院俄罗斯哲学与文化教研室,190034 [2]北京师范大学,100875

出　　处：《中国俄语教学》2021年第4期9-18,共10页Russian in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代俄罗斯哲学研究”(18ZDA018)的阶段性成果;РФФИ项目资助(21-011-41005)。

摘　　要：本文表明,在陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品里存在一个始终一贯的完整的哲学世界观。在自己的早期作品里,陀思妥耶夫斯基受19世纪初德国哲学的影响获得了关于人的独特的哲学观念;其中肯定了特殊的"高级个性"的存在,这些个性的特点是,人可以借助自己的意志直接影响周围世界和人,让他们服从自己。在陀思妥耶夫斯基成熟时期的作品里,这个哲学观念是通过神秘基督教传统而获得证明的,根据这个传统,上帝不是特殊的存在物,而是人的绝对的内在本质,每个人的任务就是在自己的生命中揭示绝对的、神的原则。本文认为,陀思妥耶夫斯基的思想影响了20世纪的欧洲哲学。The article proves the presence of a consistent and integral philosophical outlook in the works of F.Dostoevsky.Already in his early works,Dostoevsky,under the influence of German philosophy at the beginning of the 19 th century,arrived at an original philosophical concept of man;it affrms the existence of special“higher personalities”who are distinguished by the fact that by their will they can directly infuence the surrounding world and people,subordinating them to themselves.In the mature works of Dostoevsky,this philosophical concept is substantiated with the help of the tradition of mystical Christianity,according to which God is not a special being,but the absolute inner essence of man,and the task of each person is to reveal the absolute,divine principle in his life.It shows how Dostoevsky’s ideas infuenced the European philosophy of the 20 th century.

关 键 词：“高级个性” 神秘的基督教 永生 

分 类 号：H35[语言文字—俄语]