吉林省不同年代主栽玉米品种生理成熟后的抗倒伏特性  

Lodging Resistance of Maize Varieties in Different Ages in Jilin Province

作　　者：刘志铭[1] 赵泰然[1] 张晓龙 路明[1] 刘文国[1] 兰天娇 王永军[1,2] 吕艳杰 LIU Zhi-ming;ZHAO Tai-ran;ZHANG Xiao-long;LU Ming;LIU Wen-guo;LAN Tian-jiao;WANG Yong-jun;LÜYan-jie(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033;College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第6期90-96,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省自然科学基金(20190201027JC)。

摘　　要：以吉林省过去50年来大面积种植的8个春玉米品种为试验材料(1980s、1990s、2000s和2010s各2个代表性品种),采用整体研究思路和随机区组试验设计,分析不同年代主栽玉米品种生理成熟后茎秆质量变化规律与农艺性状相关性。结果表明,不同年代更替品种的植株农艺性状更加优化,适应密植群体;节间长度分布更加优化,上部节间长度增加,下部节间长度相对降低。以基部第3节间的穿刺强度、第4节间的断裂强度和第5节间的弯折强度综合衡量茎秆质量,2010s年代品种完熟期至收获期茎秆基部节间质量明显优于1980s、1990s和2000s年代品种,降低生理成熟后植株倒伏的风险。1980s、1990s、2000s和2010s年代品种完熟期后21 d第3节间的穿刺强度降幅分别为42.8%、47.5%、36.2%和31.3%;第4节间的断裂强度降幅分别为57.1%、52.6%、45.8%和51.8%。2010s年代品种收获期子粒产量最高,分别较1980s、1990s和2000s年代品种显著增加57.2%、23.1%和18.8%。This research in Jilin province in the past 50 years planted 8 spring maize varieties as experimental material(1980s and 1990s,2000s and 2010s the two representative varieties),which took the whole research idea and the randomized block design.It found that the plant agronomic characters of the replacement varieties in different years were more optimized and adapted to the close planting population.The internode length distribution was more optimized,the upper internode length increased,and the lower internode length decreased.The stem quality mea⁃sured by the puncture strength of the 3rd internode at the base,the fracture strength of the 4th internode and the bend⁃ing strength of the 5th internode was significantly enhanced.The quality of the basal internode of the varieties from the mature period to the harvest period in the 2010s was significantly better than that of the varieties in the 1980s,1990s and 2000s,thus reducing the risk of plant lodging after physiological maturity.The average results of two years of planting showed that the puncture intensity in the third internode of 21 d after the maturity of varieties in the 1980s,1990s,2000s and 2010s decreased by 42.8%,47.5%,36.2%and 31.3%,respectively.The fracture strength of the fourth internode decreased by 57.1%,52.6%,45.8%and 51.8%,respectively.The grain yield of varieties dur⁃ing the harvest period of 2010s was the highest,which increased by 57.2%,23.1%and 18.8%,respectively,com⁃pared with that in the 1980s,1990s and 2000s.

关 键 词：玉米 生理成熟 茎秆质量 抗倒伏性状 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]