施生物炭和有机肥对白浆土理化性质和玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Physic-Chemical Properties and Maize Yields in Albic Soil

作　　者：陆欣春[1] 郑永照[2] 陈旭[1] 韩晓增[1] 邹文秀[1] 严君[1] LU Xin-chun;ZHENG Yong-zhao;CHEN Xu;HAN Xiao-zeng;ZOU Wen-xiu;YAN Jun(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,CAS,Harbin 150081;Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Meihekou 135007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,哈尔滨150081 [2]通化市农业科学研究院,吉林梅河口135007

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第6期137-143,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300605);国家自然科学基金项目(41671299,41807085);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA19B101,GA19B105);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-04)。

摘　　要：分析施不同量生物炭(C0、C1、C2、C3)及有机肥(OM)对白浆土理化性质及玉米产量的影响。两年试验结果表明,与常规对照(C0)相比,施15000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭(C1)对玉米增产不显著,施用高量生物炭(C2、C3)和有机肥均增产,最高增产31.3%,C2与C3处理的产量差异不显著。与常规对照相比,施生物炭可显著提高土壤pH值、有机质、全N、有效钾的含量,且随着施用量增加,提高幅度增加;施有机肥增加了土壤有机质和全氮含量。施生物炭可显著降低土壤交换性H+和交换性Al3+含量,施有机肥对其降低效果不显著。施生物炭以30000 kg/hm^(2)改良白浆土效果最佳;从经济效益考虑,施用有机肥更适宜推广应用。Albic soil is one of the main arable land in northeast China.Acid,sticky,thick,heavy were the main character of these soil which had adverse effects on the maize yields.In the present study,effects of biochar applica⁃tion rates(C0,C1,C2 and C3)and organic fertilizer(OM)on the soil physiochemical properties and maize yield were analysed.The results of the two-year experiment showed that the maize yield did not increase significantly in the C1 treatment with 15000 kg/ha biochar,while increased over 31.3%in the high amounts of biochar(C2,C3)and organ⁃ic fertilizer application treatments compared to control(C0).There was no significant difference between C2 and C3 treatment.Compared with C0,the soil pH,the content of organic matter,total N,and available potassium were signif⁃icantly increased under the biochar application,and the increase was increased with the biochar application rate in⁃creased.The content of soil organic matter and total N content were increased,while the content of soil exchange H+and exchange Al3+were increased under the organic fertilizer application.The amount of 30000 kg/ha biochar is the most effective to ameliorate the Albic soil,while the organic manure application is more suitable to extension in northeast China.

关 键 词：玉米 白浆土 生物炭 有机肥 酸化 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]