适度规模经营中的劳动力因素——基于中部地区三个水稻种植户的案例研究  

Labor Factors in Moderate Scale Operation——Based on a Case Study of Three Rice Growers in the Central Region

作　　者：何奇峰[1] HE Qifeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期17-30,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

摘　　要：在针对适度规模经营的研究中,经济学家往往关注土地细碎化、技术效率以及机械化程度的影响。但是,随着中国城镇化的推进,农村大量劳动力转移,农业呈现兼业化的趋势,从事农业生产的劳动力结构也发生巨大变化。在此背景下,劳动力因素对适度规模经营的限制性作用逐渐凸显出来。通过对中部地区三个水稻种植户的案例研究发现,在当前农村劳动力供给不足的背景下,劳动力因素已经对水稻适度规模经营产生了限制作用。其具体表现为,在不能由机械替代劳动力的环节,能够雇佣到的劳动力数量决定了生产规模,而组织管理劳动力的方式是降低生产成本的关键。In the study of moderate-scale operations,economists often pay attention to the impact of land fragmentation,technical efficiency,and the degree of mechanization.However,with the process of urbanization in China,a large number of rural laborers have entered cities to work,and agriculture has shown a trend of part-time employment,and the structure of the labor force engaged in agricultural production has also undergone tremendous changes.In this context,the restrictive effect of labor factors on moderate-scale operations has gradually become prominent.In this paper,a case study of three rice-growing families in the central region finds that under the current background of insufficient rural labor supply,labor factors have restricted the moderate scale of rice operations.The concrete manifestation is that in the links where machinery cannot replace labor,the number of laborers that can be hired determines the scale of production,and the way to organize and manage labor is the key to reducing production costs.

关 键 词：适度规模经营 劳动力因素 水稻种植 半工半耕 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]