着丝粒DNA序列的分离和筛选方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Isolation and Identification of Centromere DNA Sequences

作　　者：吴琼[1] 程志号[1] 孙长君[1] 孙佩光[1] 郭素霞[1] 郭刚[1] Wu Qiong;Cheng Zhihao;Sun Changjun;Sun Peiguang;Guo Suxia;Guo Gang(Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Bananas,Hainan Province,Haikou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,571101)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院海口实验站,海南省香蕉遗传改良重点实验室,海口571101

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第22期7459-7466,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(319MS094);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(17CXTD-02)。

摘　　要：着丝粒是染色体的重要组成部分,是染色体复制、细胞分裂和维持遗传稳定性的必要结构,其功能保守但DNA序列高度进化。最初的研究是通过超高速离心的方法分离得到着丝粒序列,其后随着基因组酶切、染色体显微切割、基因组文库筛选、着丝粒特异结合免疫蛋白等方法的应用,进一步促进了大批物种的着丝粒DNA序列分离,加深了人们对着丝粒结构和功能的认识。近年研究发现,着丝粒存在失活、分化、重排等多种异常现象,着丝粒DNA参与并受复杂的表观调控,着丝粒的结构与功能再次成为研究的热点之一。因此,本研究回顾了着丝粒DNA序列的分离和筛选方法的发展历程,简述不同方法的机制,并分析各种方法的优点、缺点和局限,以期有助于着丝粒功能及调控的研究。Centromere is an crucial region of chromosomes and played important role in chromosome replication,cell division and ensures genetic stability.Although the functions of centromere is conserved among all eukaryotes,the DNA sequences are highly evolved.Satellite DNA was isolated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation,and was identified as primary components of centromere.Later,some other methods like genomic DNA digested with restriction endonucleases,chromosome microdissection and microcloning,screen of genome library and centromere specific binding protein were developed,identification and characterization of centromeres DNA sequences have been achieved in a large number of species.Recently,many abnormal behavior such as inactivation,differentiation and rearrangement have been found in centromere,and centromere DNA sequence always involved in and/or regulated by complicated epigenetics,these makes the structure and function of centromere a new hotspot in Genomics and Genetics.So,the developed and history of the methods used to isolate and identify centromere DNA sequences were reviewed in this study,and the limit,merits and drawbacks of different methods were analyzed and compared.These studies will provide reference to explore the construction,function,evolution and regulation of centromere.

关 键 词：着丝粒 分离 卫星DNA 重复序列 

分 类 号：Q523[生物学—生物化学]