淮山一种新发炭疽病病原鉴定及生物学特性  

Identification of a Pathogen from a New Anthracnose Disease of Yam and Its Biological Characteristics

作　　者：何舒[1] 罗激光 曾向萍 肖敏[1] 马瑞 王会芳[1] He Shu;Luo Jiguang;Zeng Xiangping;Xiao Min;Ma Rui;Wang Huifang(Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Crop Pests in Haikou,Ministry of Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Pest Control of Hainan Province,Institute of Plant Protection,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,571100)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,海南省植物病虫害防控重点实验室,农业部海口有害生物科学观测实验站,海口571100

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第22期7570-7578,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(318MS107);海南省省属科研院所技术创新专项(NKY-JCKY-2020);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY2018HN01)。

摘　　要：为了解海南淮山炭疽病病原菌种类,从海南省海口市云龙镇种植基地采集淮山病叶为材料,采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离纯化。通过致病性测定、菌落形态及培养性状观察,发现了一种新的炭疽病病原菌。其菌落初为白色,生长中期气生菌丝旺盛致密,棉絮状,呈乳白色,后期由菌落中央开始逐渐变为灰色至深灰色,菌落表面干燥蓬松;分生孢子无色且透明,整体长椭圆形或棒形,两头钝圆,单孢,无隔膜;孢子梗单生或数根丛生,直立或弯生;附着胞褐色,不规则形状,边缘有凸起。进一步经测序和序列分析发现:其与兰花刺盘孢菌株AH1B5(Colletotrichum cliviicola strain AH1B5)聚在同一分支上,相似性99%以上,说明该病原为兰花刺盘孢(Colletotrichum cliviicola),这是国内该病原菌危害淮山的首次报道。其生物学特性研究表明,PDA,28℃,pH=6,完全光照、蔗糖、硝酸镁为菌落生长最适条件;孢子萌发最适和致死温度分别为28℃和50℃。通过该病原菌种类及生物学特性研究,明确了淮山为兰花刺盘孢的新寄主,为下一步制定有效科学防治淮山炭疽病奠定基础,以期为该病害的诊断和防治提供理论依据。In order to understand the species of anthrax pathogen bacteria in yam,the leaves of yam were collected from Yunlong town of Haikou City,Hainan Province.A new pathogen of anthracnose was found by pathogenicity test,colony morphology and culture character observation.The colony was white at the beginning,and the aerial hyphae were vigorous and dense in the middle of growth,cotton like and milky white,and gradually changed from gray to dark gray from the center of colony at the later stage,and the surface of the colony was dry and fluffy;Conidia are colorless and transparent,long elliptic or rod-shaped,blunt and round at both ends,single spore,without septum;Sporophore solitary or several roots clustered,erect or curved;Appressoria brown,irregularly shaped,margin convex.Further through sequencing and sequence analysis found that the thrust plate with orchid spore strains AH1 B5(Colletotrichum cliviicola strain AH1 B5) get together on the same branch,the similarity is more than 99%,showing that the disease was orchid thrust plate spore Colletotrichum cliviicola.This is the pathogen harm yam was first reported in China.The results showed that PDA,28 ℃,pH=6,complete illumination,sucrose and magnesium nitrate were the optimum conditions for colony growth,and the optimum temperature for spore germination and lethal temperature were 28 ℃ and 50 ℃.Through the study on the species and biological characteristics of the pathogen,it is clear that yam is a new host of Colletotrichum cliviicola,which lays the foundation for the next step to develop an effective and scientific control of anthracnose,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and control of the disease.

关 键 词：淮山 新发炭疽病 病原鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]