不同覆盖措施对高寒地区剥离的草皮块堆放温湿度及成活的影响  

Effects of different mulching measures on the stacking temperature,humidity and survival of stripped turf blocks in alpine regions

作　　者：陈学平[1] 周勇 杨艳刚[1] 陶双成[1] 刘磊 刘卓成 季双旋 CHEN Xueping;ZHOU Yong;YANG Yangang;TAO Shuangcheng;LIU Lei;LIU Zhuocheng;JI Shuangxuan(Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100029,China;Key Highway Construction Project Management Center of Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850001,China;Qinghai Research Institute of Transportation,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [2]西藏自治区重点公路建设项目管理中心,西藏拉萨850001 [3]青海省交通科学研究院,青海西宁730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2021年第5期1334-1343,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2021QZKK0203);西藏自治区交通厅科技项目(XZJTKJ[2019]01)资助。

摘　　要：重大工程建设会扰动高寒草地,法规要求扰动区草皮层应予以剥离,待工程建设后再用于恢复原生植被,当前对剥离草皮堆放成活的影响研究较少。试验设计遮阳网与穿孔膜两种覆盖条件,探讨分析其对剥离的草皮块堆放与铺植利用后土壤温湿度及草皮块返青覆盖度的影响,研究结果表明:遮阳网覆盖堆体较自然地表日均土壤温度显著降低,同时各深度层极大延长冻结期,降水对土壤水分的补充效应延后,并造成堆放期水分大量损失;穿孔膜覆盖堆体较自然地表提高了土壤温度,阻碍了降水对土壤水分的补充,并造成堆放后土壤吸持水能力降低。遮阳网覆盖的草皮块返青覆盖度显著高于穿孔膜覆盖的返青覆盖度,堆放期日平均土壤温度>0℃的堆放日数与草皮块返青覆盖度的线性拟合较好。工程建设中应尽量缩短堆放时长,采用透水透气类覆盖材料,增加土壤与空气热量交换,以维持更长的冻结期,并适时补充水分,提高草皮块铺植的恢复成效。Major engineering construction will disturb the alpine grassland.The regulations require that the turf layer in the disturbed area should be stripped and used to restore the native vegetation after the construction of the project.At present,there is little research on the survival impact of stripped turf stacking.By studying the ef⁃fects of shade net and perforated film on the soil temperature and humidity and greening coverage of the stripped turf blocks after stacking and replantation,the results show that the temperature of shade net mulching stockpile is significantly lower than the daily average soil temperature of the natural ground,and greatly prolonged the freezing period of each depth layer,the supplementary effect of precipitation on soil moisture is delayed,and a large amount of water loss during the stacking period;perforated film mulching stockpile had higher soil temper⁃ature compared with the natural ground,and hinders the supplementation of soil moisture by precipitation,the soil water holding capacity is decreased;the greening coverage of the shading net mulching turf block is signifi⁃cantly higher than that of the perforated film.There is good linear correlation between the number of stacking days with daily average soil temperature>0℃and the greening coverage of turf blocks.The stacking time should be shortened as much as possible in the construction of engineering construction,and permeable and breathable mulching material should be used to increase the heat exchange between the soil and the air to main⁃tain a longer freezing period,and timely add water to improve the revegetation effect of turf block replantation.

关 键 词：高寒地区 工程建设 覆盖措施 草皮堆放 土壤温湿度 返青覆盖度 

分 类 号：U416[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]