不同鲢密度对千岛湖沿岸池塘浮游植物群落结构的影响  

Effect of Silver Carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)Stocking Density on Phytoplankton Community Structure in Ponds Along Qiandao Lake

作　　者：胡忠军[1,2,3] 张婧雯[1,2,3] 张真[1,2,3] 韩胜盼 刘其根[1,2,3] HU Zhong-jun;ZHANG Jing-wen;ZHANG Zhen;HAN Sheng-pan;LIU Qi-gen(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China;Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2021年第6期57-63,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2015BAD13B02);上海高校知识服务平台上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心(ZF1206)。

摘　　要：为了进一步检验中营养条件下滤食性鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)的控藻效应,2017年5-9月在浙江省淳安县千岛湖邵家鱼种场选择8口大小、形状等各种条件基本一致的池塘,设置1个对照组(CK)和低密度(LD)、中密度(MD)、高密度(HD)3个处理组,鲢密度分别为0 g/m^(3)和10、20、30 g/m^(3),鲢体重为(61.03±3.70)g,体长为(14.21±0.27)cm,每月采集3次浮游植物样品,探究不同密度的鲢放养对浮游植物群落结构的影响。聚类分析显示,浮游植物优势种组成在不同处理组池塘间无显著差异。双因素方差分析表明,鲢密度和月份对浮游植物密度和生物量均有显著作用(P<0.05),月份(P<0.05)而非鲢密度(P>0.05)对其多样性产生显著影响;2个因素对浮游植物生物量有交互作用(P<0.05),而对其密度和多样性指数无交互作用(P>0.05)。3个处理组池塘藻类总密度和蓝藻密度均有较大幅度下降(29.0%-67.5%),其蓝藻密度和中、高密度组池塘藻类总密度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);中、高密度组池塘蓝藻生物量、中密度组池塘藻类总密度均显著低于对照组和低密度组(P<0.05)。研究表明,鲢对浮游植物的抑制作用具有密度效应,并随着鲢放养密度和水体藻类现存量的变化而变化,中密度的鲢放养能显著遏制浮游植物现存量,密度依赖的鲢滤食量对浮游植物的抑制作用明显大于营养短路和藻类小型化对浮游植物的促进效应;利用鲢鳙控制千岛湖蓝藻时,建议20 g/m^(3)左右的放养密度可作为参考值。To explore the effectiveness of filter⁃feeding silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)on algae control in mesotrophic water bodies,we carried out experiments to determine the effect of silver carp stocking density on phytoplankton community structure.From May to September of 2017,the experiment was conducted in ponds at Shaojia breeding farm,using water from Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang Province.Four fish densities(CK:control group,no stocking;LD:low density,10 g/m^(3);MD:medium density,20 g/m^(3);HD:high density,30 g/m^(3))were set with silver carp of body weight(61.03±3.70)g and body length(14.21±0.27)cm.Water samples were collected three times per month from May to September for determination of phytoplankton density,biomass and diversity.Cluster analysis indicated no significant variation of dominant phytoplankton species among the four treatments.Two⁃way analysis of variance(ANOVA)showed that silver carp stocking density significantly affected the standing crop(density and biomass)of phytoplankton,and that the standing crop also varied significantly with time(month).ANOVA also showed that,while phytoplankton diversity changed significantly over time,it was not significantly affected by fish stocking density.Further,the change in fish density over time affected phytoplankton biomass but not phytoplankton density or diversity.The densities of total phytoplankton and blue⁃green algae decreased significantly by(29.0%-67.5%)in all three fish treatments,compared to the control.The density of blue⁃green algae in LD,MD and HD ponds and total algae density in MD and HD ponds were significantly lower than in ponds without fish.The biomass of blue⁃green algae in MD and HD ponds and the total biomass of algae in MD ponds were significantly lower than those in LD and control ponds.The effect of silver carp on phytoplankton was density⁃dependent and changed with fish stocking density and the standing crop of phytoplankton in test ponds.A moderate stocking density(20 g/m^(3))of silver carp was most suitable for

关 键 词：非经典生物操纵 鲢 浮游植物 千岛湖 池塘 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]