中国海疆史研究的几个问题  

Key Issues Relating to the History of China′s Maritime Borderland

作　　者：方堃 Fang Kun(Institute of China Maritime Security,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学中国海洋发展研究院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期19-31,共13页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学项目“中国海疆通史(多卷本)”(19VJX032)。

摘　　要：海疆是一个国家范畴的地理概念。历史时期海疆的形成与发展既与社会生产力的发展相联系,更与古代先民认识和利用海洋的进程相伴。因此,中国海疆史演绎的主题包括不同时期的陆、海关系和海洋与人的关系;而海疆史研究最关切的是沿海、腹地与近海空间范围内人的生存环境变迁与社会的进步发展。在现代疆域管辖和海洋制度建立前,中国海疆并非指"海洋疆域"。历史时期的海疆空间经历了从海岸线构成"海界",演化扩大为范围界限相对模糊的沿海区域,而后成为王朝国家的沿海疆域的推展发展过程,形成了以海岸带与相邻陆域为主,包括部分岛屿和近岸海域在内、有海洋文明特征的疆域边缘区域。海疆的历史分为奠基、形成、调整定型和成熟与转型等四个阶段;其中宋元时期定型的"中段突出、两端略低"的海疆发展格局,在中国海疆史上具有十分重要的意义。从地理和地缘角度分析海疆与陆域边疆之间的关系,我们可以看到历史时期海疆治理既按照疆域治理的一般规律发展,同时更遵循自身的特殊规律。而历代王朝进行海疆经略的政策举措,反映了海疆在王朝疆域体系中的地位变化。In the heated disputes over Chinese territorial waters,the definition and contextualization of the Chinese maritime borderlands are often overlooked.Maritime borderlands are a geographical space under certain political rules,which have evolved through socioeconomic development and increasing understanding of oceans,seas and waterways of the globe.The concept of maritime borderlands remained vague before modern territorial jurisdiction had emerged.The development of maritime borderlands can be observed in three stages:a)Coastlines were the natural territorial boundaries of ancient political entities;b)Maritime boundaries were vaguely extended by integrating coastal areas;c)Maritime boundaries became further defined after integrating neighbouring land areas and islands,and offshore waters.The existing research of maritime borderlands mostly focuses on land-sea interactions and human-ocean relationships.This study,however,highlights one of the greatest concerns of Chinese maritime borderlands from a historical perspective:it revisits the transition of social activities and political governance in the foreshore,offshore and hinterland areas,especially in Song and Yuan dynasties.

关 键 词：王朝疆域 历史分期 海疆治理 海陆关系 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]