太湖以东地区的史前稻作农业与人类适应  

Research on Prehistoric Rice Farming and Human Adaptation in the East Area of Taihu Lake of Taihu Lake

作　　者：生膨菲 周宜静 Sheng Pengfei;Zhou Yijing

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系 [2]杭州市文物考古研究所

出　　处：《农业考古》2021年第6期47-56,共10页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题(2019ELS006)。

摘　　要：本研究利用太湖以东考古遗址出土的炭化大植物遗存,结合相关聚落调查与环境考古研究成果,尝试探讨该地区马家浜文化至广富林文化时期(距今7000—3800年)的稻作农业发展与人类适应。结果表明,全新世长三角滨海地带的水环境变化深刻影响了这个地区马家浜文化至广富林文化时期稻作农业的演化轨迹。其中,良渚文化时期,浅水湿地的沼泽化过程可能促进了史前稻作农业社会的扩张发展;而距今4200年左右的全新世晚期气候干冷事件对太湖以东地区人类稻作农业活动产生了明显不利的影响;良渚至钱山漾-广富林文化时期太湖地区聚落和农业经济发生的转变,显示出史前稻作农业社会的脆弱性与弹性适应。Combined with existing macro-botanical data and related studies of past settlements and paleoenvironment,this paper investigates the evolutionary trajectory of rice agriculture,wetland ecology and human response to the environmental fluctuations in the east area of Taihu Lake from the Majiabang to Guangfulin cultural periods(around 7000~3800 years ago).The results show that the changes in the water environment in the coastal zone of the Yangtze River Delta during the Holocene profoundly influenced the evolutionary trajectory of rice agriculture in this region from the Majiabang to Guangfulin cultures.The marshification process of shallow wetlands during the Liangzhu culture may have contributed to the expansion of prehistoric rice-farming societies,while the late Holocene dry and cold event around 4200 years ago had a significant negative impact on human rice-farming activities in the area east of Taihu Lake.The transformation of settlements and agricultural economies in the Taihu Lake area during the Liangzhu to Qianshangyang-Guangfulin cultures shows the vulnerability and resilience of prehistoric rice-based agricultural society.

关 键 词：太湖以东 稻作农业 史前 水环境 人类适应 

分 类 号：K21[历史地理—历史学]