徘徊于菩萨与耶稣之间——崇祯宫廷信仰变迁及其影响  

Wandering between Bodhisattva and Jesus:The Change and Influence of Chongzhen’s Belief

作　　者：王启元 WANG Qiyuan(Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中华古籍保护研究院

出　　处：《国际比较文学（中英文）》2021年第4期699-713,共15页International Comparative Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉传佛教僧众社会生活史”(项目批准号:17ZDA233);国家社会科学基金后期项目“僧俗交往与晚明佛教史重构”(项目批准号18FZJ003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为近世中国统一王朝君主的明季崇祯帝,曾尝试接近天主教,又因各种机缘回归本土信仰,这在国史上是绝无仅有的。对崇祯帝即位后信仰生活的考察,无疑有非常重要的意义。本文综合使用中西文献,考证崇祯帝从尝试接触到崇奉天主教的确切区间,起自崇祯五年,终于崇祯十四年,历时将近九年。最初的因缘始于徐光启入阁,也曾在传教士汤若望等的影响下阅读天主教经典,这些举动除信仰本身之外,多少也有出于制历及练兵的考虑。然而崇祯十一年开始的向戚畹摊派“助饷”、崇祯殇子所引发的一系列变故,最终结束了君主的天主教信仰尝试。崇祯帝在信仰取舍上的彷徨不定,正是明末清初多元信仰加诸近世政治生活的一个缩影;晚明入华的天主教彼时亦已成为近世中国信仰不可忽视的组成部分。同时,本文通过此一案例继续论诸中西文献、立场差异等因素对宗教史研究的影响。Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty spent a period studying and practicing Catholicism before finally returning to local beliefs due to various external factors.This paper makes a comprehensive use of Chinese and Western literature to verify the exact range of Emperor Chongzhen’s attempt to adopt Catholicism,which lasted nearly nine years,from the fifth to the fourteenth year of Chongzhen(1632–1641).This process began with Xu Guangqi’s admission to the cabinet and his reading of Catholic classics under the influence of the Jesuit missionary Johann Adam Schall.In addition to religion,these developments were also due to considerations of calendar making and military training.However,after a series of changes caused by the apportionment of“help rates”to kinsmen of the emperor,as well as the death of his son in the eleventh year of Chongzhen,his interest in Catholicism came to an end.Emperor Chongzhen’s hesitation on the choice of faith is a microcosm of the religious diversity that arose in modern political life in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties;Catholicism,which entered China in the late Ming Dynasty,also became an integral part of modern Chinese faith.This paper goes on to discuss the influence of Chinese and Western literature,position differences,and other factors on the study of religious history.

关 键 词：天主教 佛教 崇祯 九莲菩萨 汤若望 

分 类 号：K248.3[历史地理—历史学] B929[历史地理—中国史]