高温熔盐体系惰性阳极与月壤电解制氧技术  

Inert anode in a high-temperature molten salt system and oxygen generation by moon regolith electrolysis

作　　者：寇明银 王明涌[1,2,3] 焦树强 KOU Ming-yin;WANG Ming-yong;JIAO Shu-qiang(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083 [3]北京科技大学稀贵金属绿色回收与提取北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2021年第12期1618-1629,共12页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51725401)。

摘　　要：目前,熔盐电化学冶金普遍采用炭素阳极,阳极CO_(2)产物是重要的碳排放源.若在高温熔盐体系中使用惰性析氧阳极,则可实现熔盐电解过程低碳排放.因此,开发适用于熔盐电解体系的惰性阳极至关重要,也是近年来国内外研究热点.本文首先综述了各种高温熔盐体系惰性阳极的研究进展,所涉及熔盐体系包括:铝电解氟化物盐、CaCl_(2)熔盐、碳酸盐和熔融氧化物等.另外,近年来月球开发利用受到广泛关注,太阳能驱动的月壤原位熔盐电化学制氧,将是支撑人类未来月面生存氧气需求的重要方法之一,故惰性析氧阳极不可或缺.因此,本文也简要综述了基于惰性阳极的月壤电解制氧技术.In 2020,China proposed to reach the peak of CO_(2)emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060,which is the so-called“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”strategy.Due to strategic requirements,the metallurgical industry has the responsibility of reducing its CO_(2)emission as it is one of the major CO_(2)emitters.Therefore,it is imperative to develop low-carbon metallurgical technology.High-temperature molten salt electrochemical metallurgy uses electrons as the energy carrier and reaction driving force,having the advantages of cleanliness and high efficiency.It is the main extraction technology for aluminum,rare earth elements,alkali metal,and alkaline earth metals.Currently,carbon anodes are commonly used in molten salt electrochemical metallurgy,and CO_(2)product is an important carbon emission source.If an inert oxygen evolution anode is used in a high-temperature molten salt system,then low-carbon emissions can be achieved in the molten salt electrolysis process.Therefore,the development of inert anodes suitable for molten salt electrolysis systems is very important,which has recently become a worldwide research hotspot.This article first reviewed the research progress of inert anodes in various high-temperature molten salt systems,including aluminum electrolytic fluoride salts,CaCl_(2)molten salts,carbonates,and molten oxides.Meanwhile,the recent development and the utilization of the moon have received widespread attention.In the future construction of lunar bases,oxygen will be the basic prerequisite for human survival.Solar-driven in-situ oxygen production with molten salt electrochemistry from the moon regolith will be an important method in the future to support the oxygen demand for human survival on the moon.Hence,inert oxygen evolution anodes are essential.Therefore,this article also briefly summarized oxygen production technology by moon regolith electrolysis based on inert anodes.

关 键 词：碳减排 高温熔盐 惰性阳极 熔盐电解 月壤制氧 

分 类 号：TQ151.9[化学工程—电化学工业]