枯草芽孢杆菌对肉兔肠道结构、盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量和微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Intestinal Structure,Cecal Volatile Fatty Acid Contents and Microbial Diversity of Meat Rabbits

作　　者：魏宇超 王凤霞 张灿 孙东岳 赵玉萍 李宁[1] 闫俊彤 陈宝江[1,2] WEI Yuchao;WANG Fengxia;ZHANG Can;SUN Dongyue;ZHAO Yuping;LI Ning;YAN Juntong;CHEN Baojiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Cattle and Sheep Embryo Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071000 [2]河北省牛羊胚胎技术创新中心,保定071000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第12期7021-7032,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家兔产业技术体系资助项目(CARS⁃44⁃B⁃3);企业横向委托课题。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对肉兔肠道结构、盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量和微生物多样性的影响。选取30日龄、体重[(1.15±0.05) kg]相近的健康肉兔80只,随机分为4组,每组20个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中分别添加100、200、300 g/t枯草芽孢杆菌。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组平均日增重和平均日采食量显著升高(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅰ组空肠绒毛高度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。试验Ⅲ组回肠绒毛高度显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组盲肠pH显著升高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组盲肠微生物操作分类单元(OTU)数目和Chao1指数极显著提高(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ组OTU数目和Chao1指数极显著降低(P<0.01)。5)在门水平上,与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组厚壁菌门的相对丰度极显著降低(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ组拟杆菌门的相对丰度极显著升高(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组变形菌门的相对丰度极显著降低(P<0.01)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,各试验组瘤胃球菌科NK4A214群的相对丰度均显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组克里斯滕森氏菌R-7群的相对丰度均极显著降低(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组瘤胃球菌科UCG-014的相对丰度极显著升高(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组艾克曼菌属的相对丰度极显著降低(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组Subdoligranulum的相对丰度极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适宜剂量(100 g/t)枯草芽孢杆菌有利于提高肉兔盲肠微生物多样性,改善肠道健康,提高生长性能,而过量添加会对肉兔的肠道健康产生负面影响。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on intestinal structure,cecal volatile fatty acid contents and microbial diversity of meat rabbits.Eighty 30-day-old healthy meat rabbits with similar body weight[(1.15±0.05)kg]were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 rabbit per replicate.Rabbits in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in test groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 100,200 and 300 g/t Bacillus subtilis,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days,and the formal test period lasted for 30 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of test groupⅠwere significantly increased(P<0.05).2)The villus height in jejunum of test groupⅠwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01),the villus height/crypt depth in jejunum of test groupⅢ was significantly lower than that of test groupⅠ (P<0.01),and the villus height in ileum of test groupⅢ was significantly lower than that of control group and test groupⅠ (P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the pH in cecum of test groupⅢwas significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the operational taxonomic unit(OUT)number and Chao1 index of cecal microorganism of test groupⅠwere significantly increased(P<0.01),while the OTU number and Chao1 index of test groupⅢ were significantly decreased(P<0.01).5)At the phylun level,compared with the control group,the Firmicutes relative abundance of test groupⅢ was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the Bacteroidetes relative abundance of test groupⅢ was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the Proteobacteria relative abundance of test groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly decreased(P < 0.01).At the genus level,compared with the control group,the Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group relative abundance of test groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the Christensenellaceae R-7 group relative abundance of test group

关 键 词：枯草芽孢杆菌 肉兔 肠道结构 盲肠内环境 

分 类 号：S829.1[农业科学—畜牧学]