秦陵建筑基址壁画材质及制作工艺的初步研究  

Preliminary study of the materials and techniques of wall painting from affiliated building remains excavated at Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum

作　　者：张尚欣[1] 张卫星 付倩丽 惠娜[1] 康卫东 方晓阳 ZHANG Shangxin;ZHANG Weixing;FU Qianli;XI Na;KANG Weidong;FANG Xiaoyang(Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation(Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum),State Administration for Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710600,China;Yulin Institute of Conservation, Yulin 719000, China;School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地(秦始皇帝陵博物院),陕西西安710600 [2]榆林市文物保护研究所,陕西榆林719000 [3]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2021年第6期20-27,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(11120005)。

摘　　要：2011—2013年,秦陵博物院对秦陵封土北侧西区寝殿部分大型夯土台基式建筑遗址进行了试掘,发现了一片秦代壁画遗存。为了科学认知壁画的材质和制作工艺,本研究使用偏光显微镜、拉曼光谱、配有能谱的扫描电镜、红外光谱仪对壁画残块进行了分析研究。结果表明壁画结构由外到内分别是颜料层、底色层、细泥层、粗泥层。壁画的黑色颜料为黑铜矿、红色勾边颜料为赤铁矿、白色底层为碳酸钙;粗泥层和细泥层中均添加了生石灰为胶结材料,粗泥层中还添加有植物茎秆。秦陵考古开展近半个世纪以来,出土壁画尚属首次,本研究系首次对秦陵壁画开展科学研究,结果可为探索秦陵及其陵寝建筑的考古文化提供重要信息。During the period of 2011 to 2013,a wall painting fragment was unearthed from affiliated building remains in Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum near Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum.In order to understand the techniques and materials of the wall painting,polarized light microscopy(PLM),Raman microscopy(RM),scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDS),infrared spectrometry(IR)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were utilized to analyze the pigments and the painting techniques.The results show that the wall painting is composed of a pigment layer,a finely ground plaster layer and a coarse plaster layer.The white ground layer is calcium carbonate limestone,the black pigment is black copper(melaconite)and the red outlining pigment is hematite.There is calcium carbonate in the plaster layer and plant stalk in the coarse plaster layer.This is the first time when a wall painting fragment was unearthed at Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum and this work is the first study of a wall painting of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum.This study supplies important information about Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum and its affiliated building.

关 键 词：秦陵 建筑基址 壁画 材质 工艺 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]