成都蒲江飞虎村出土错金银带钩保护修复  

Protection and restoration of gold and silver inlaid belt hook unearthed from Feihu Village,Pujiang County,Chengdu

作　　者：刘晓彬 蒋璐蔓 周潇 李佩 肖嶙 LIU Xiaobin;JIANG Luman;ZHOU Xiao;LI Pei;XIAO Lin(Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu 610074, China)

机构地区：[1]成都文物考古研究院,四川成都610074

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2021年第6期75-82,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：成都文物考古研究院于2016年在蒲江飞虎村发掘了60座战国晚期墓葬,共出土青铜器181件(套)。其中M39出土了一件表面锈蚀覆盖严重的错金银青铜带钩,但其上错金银纹饰无法分辨,为还原其历史、艺术与研究价值,需对其表面锈蚀物进行清除。采用X射线成像系统、体视显微镜、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜-能谱系统、X射线衍射仪等对带钩的保存状况、材质、锈蚀产物进行了分析。结果表明带钩上分布有精美的金银装饰纹饰,且金和银交替使用;带钩基体保存较差,锈蚀程度较重;部分区域金银丝已脱落。表面锈蚀覆盖严重,部分区域存在裂隙。带钩基体为铅锡青铜铸造组织,铜含量为73.0%,锡含量为11.4%,铅含量为13.7%;镶嵌的金、银丝样品呈倒三角形,均为热锻而成,金丝金含量为88.8%、银含量为11.2%;银丝银含量为95.8%,铜含量为2.4%。带钩锈蚀物大致分为两层,最外层绿色的锈蚀物为孔雀石,内层红色锈蚀物为赤铜矿。在科学认知带钩保存状况、材质、锈蚀产物等的基础上,针对性地采用化学加固—机械法与化学法结合除锈—化学加固—缓蚀封护—粘接补配的技术路线对带钩进行了保护修复。对于细小裂隙选用渗透性很好、颜色轻微变化的Paraloid B72乙酸乙酯溶液,使用注射器少量多次滴渗加固;较大裂隙使用粘接强度好、渗透性适当的Hxtal NYL-1(海克斯塔)双组份环氧树脂,用小的针尖少量多次点渗入裂隙加固。对于外层绿色锈蚀物,先采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠水溶液软化,再配合使用机械法刮除去除;内层暗红色的氧化亚铜锈蚀先使用半胱氨酸水溶液软化,再配合机械法刮除。同时在锈蚀物去除过程中对出现松动的金银丝及时使用Araldite 2020型双组份环氧树脂进行加固。除锈结束后使用超纯水深度清洗清除试剂残留。使用苯并三氮唑乙醇溶液进行缓蚀处理,Paraloid B72�Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated 60 tombs of the late Warring States period at Feihu Village of Pujiang in 2016,and unearthed a total of 181 bronzes.Among them,from M39,was a bronze belt hook with serious corrosion,on which decorative patterns could not be distinguished.In order to restore its historical,artistic and research value,it is necessary to remove the corrosion on its surface.In this paper,several instruments—X-ray computed radiography system,stereomicroscope,metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer—were used to analyze the preservation status,material and corrosion products of the belt hook.The results show that there are exquisite gold and silver decorative patterns distributed on the belt hook,and that gold and silver are used alternately.The substrate with belt hook is poorly preserved and seriously rusted.Gold and silver filaments have fallen off in some areas.The surface is seriously corroded,and cracks exist in some areas.The matrix of the belt hook is cast in lead-tin bronze,with a copper content of 73.0%,a tin content of 11.4%and a lead content of 13.7%.The inlaid gold and silver wire samples are inverted triangles,which were all hot-forged.The gold content of gold wire is 88.8%and the silver content is 11.2%.The silver content of silver wire is 95.8%,and the copper content is 2.4%.The corrosion of belt hook is roughly divided into two layers,the outermost green rust is malachite,and the inner red rust is chalcopyrite.On the basis of scientific understanding of the state of preservation,materials and corrosion products of the belt hook,a technical route of chemical strengthening,mechanical and chemical methods for derusting,chemical strengthening,corrosion inhibition and sealing,and adhesive patching were adopted to protect and repair the belt hook.Paraloid B72 ethyl acetate solution with good permeability and slight color change was selected for small cracks,and a small number of injections

关 键 词：成都蒲江 船棺葬 错金银 带钩 保护修复 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]