有死性与当下永恒的统一对生存性恐惧的超越——作为践行性医德培养路径的生死教育  

Transcendence of the Unity of Mortality and Present Eternity over the Fear of Lack of Survival Security:Life-death Education as a Practical Path of Cultivating Medical Ethics

作　　者：蔡昱[1] CAI Yu(Financial Research Institute,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China)

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学金融研究院,云南昆明650221

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2021年第12期1521-1529,共9页Chinese Medical Ethics

摘　　要：医疗巨大的信息不对称和更大的伤害可能性使医生肩负更高的道德责任。将生存性恐惧细分为四个层次。通过对时间特征的分析,揭示了时间中的不朽是虚假的无限,当下永恒才是真无限。因此,当下永恒的实现是人的“以有限之身追求无限”的终极需要。同时,只有这种真无限才能彻底超越生存性恐惧。揭示了以超越生存性恐惧为枢纽的生命面向的翻转,即从片面的生存性境况转向生命性境况而使“超个体的个体”显现,此种个体是个体性(有死性)和整全性(当下永恒)的统一,因而具有使自由和道德现实化的能力。作为践行性医德培养范式的生死教育的精髓是“成勇以成人”,其路径有二:一是反思死亡而彻底接受自己的有死性从而觉醒到人之终极需要,并摆脱“不朽”的陷阱;二是获得与当下永恒相关的生命意义以彻底超越生存性恐惧,引发生命面向的翻转和“超个体的个体”的“诞生”。生死教育不仅是一种终极关怀,还是促成“新人”诞生的人类文明再启蒙的重要环节。The huge information asymmetry of medical treatment and larger possibility of harm make doctors shoulder higher moral responsibility.The fear of lack of survival security was divided into four levels.Through the analysis of the characteristics of time,it revealed that immortality in time is false infinity,and the present eternity is true infinity.Therefore,the realization of eternity is the ultimate need of“pursuing infinity with a limited body”,and only this true infinity can completely surpass the fear of survival.This paper revealed the reversal of life oriented with transcending the fear of lack of survival security as the hub,that is,from one-sided survival situation to life situation,so that the individual beyond individuality can appear.This kind of individual is the unity of individuality and integrity and the unity of mortality and present eternity,so it has the ability of moral reality.The essence path of life-death education as a practical way of cultivating medical ethics lies in:First,helping students fully accept themselves death,so as to awaken to man’s ultimate needs and get rid of the trap of immortal;Second,helping students obtain the life meaning related to the present eternity to completely surpass the fear of lack of survival security,lead to the reversal of life orientation and the birth of the individual beyond individuality.Life-death education is also an ultimate concern and an important link of re-enlightenment of human civilization that promotes the birth of“new people”.

关 键 词：生死教育 生存性恐惧 当下永恒 时间中的不朽 超个体的个体 人类文明再启蒙 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]