土壤重金属微波消解法关键参数研究  

Research on the Key Parameters of Microwave Digestion of Heavy Metals in Soil

作　　者：强琳 张瑜[2] 贺卫波 QIANG Lin;ZHANG Yu;HE Weibo(Baoji Environmental Monitoring Center,Baoji 721006,China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Shaanxi Changling Special Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Baoji 721000,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市环境监测中心站,宝鸡721006 [2]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院国家级教学示范中心,西安710049 [3]陕西长岭特种设备股份有限公司,宝鸡721000

出　　处：《实验科学与技术》2021年第6期38-42,共5页Experiment Science and Technology

基　　金：西安交通大学教改项目(18JZX31)。

摘　　要：为提高土壤中重金属元素分析准确度,通过探讨在消解过程中样品称样量、赶酸温度、添加高氯酸及标准加入法4个关键参数的影响,对土壤中铬、铜、镍、锌和铅5种元素含量进行对比与分析。结果表明:对于易消解土壤或沉积物样品称样量建议0.2000~0.2500 g,赶酸最适温度为140℃,可不加高氯酸;对于难消解土壤或沉积物样品,称样量建议0.1000 g,在消解结束后可加高氯酸,提高元素溶出率;赶酸温度为170℃时,元素损失最少,赶酸用时适中;除铅元素外,其他4种元素的标准加入法与常用常规曲线无明显差异。In order to improve the accuracy of heavy metal analysis in soil,the author compares and analyzes the contents of chromium,copper,nickel,zinc and lead by discussing the influence of sample weight,acid-removing temperature,adding perchloric acid,and standard addition method in the digestion process.The results show that the recommended sample size of soil or sediment samples is 0.2000-0.2500 g,the optimum temperature for acid removal is 140℃,and perchloric acid may be added or not;for the soil or sediment samples which are difficult to digest,the sample size is recommended to be 0.1000 g.Perchloric acid can be added after digestion to improve the dissolution rate of elements;when the acid-removing temperature is 170℃,the element loss is the least and the time is moderate;except for lead,the standard addition method of the other four elements has no obvious difference from the common curve.

关 键 词：土壤重金属 微波消解 前处理 标准加入法 

分 类 号：X8[环境科学与工程—环境工程]