基于数字孪生的多轴数控机床轮廓误差抑制方法  

Contour error reduction method for multi-axis CNC machine tools based on digital twin

作　　者：张雷 刘检华[2,3] 庄存波[2,3] 王勇[1] ZHANG Lei;LIU Jianhua;ZHUANG Cunbo;WANG Yong(School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China;School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology,Jiaxing 314000, China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学机械工程学院,天津300134 [2]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [3]北京理工大学长三角研究院(嘉兴),浙江嘉兴314000

出　　处：《计算机集成制造系统》2021年第12期3391-3402,共12页Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51935003)。

摘　　要：针对数控机床高速高精加工过程中轮廓误差控制难的问题,提出一种基于数字孪生的轮廓误差抑制方法,并以数控机床的关键执行部件——多轴进给系统为具体对象,构建面向轮廓误差的“建模-预测-控制”闭环抑制技术框架。该方法针对多轴进给系统多属性交叉耦合的特点,建立其高保真数字孪生体,并通过数字-物理空间的多粒度信息传递,实现跨时间尺度下数字孪生体与物理实体在不同维度的虚实精确同步。通过对数字孪生体进行降阶表征,建立轮廓误差多因素动态影响关系模型,融合多粒度信息实现对轮廓误差的动态预估。基于轮廓误差动态预估结果,提出轮廓误差综合抑制方法,实现对时变运动控制参数下多轴进给系统的插补控制。最后,通过小型三轴数控机床的虚实同步运动实验,验证了所提方法的有效性。It is difficult to control the contour error in high-speed and high-precision machining with(Computer Numerical Control,CNC)machine tools.Aiming at this problem,a Digital Twin(DT)based contour error reduction method was proposed.As a key executive component of CNC machine tools,the multi-axis feed drive system was taken as the specific object to elaborate a closed-loop technology framework of“modeling-prediction-control”for contour error reduction.In view of the multi-attribute and cross-coupling characteristics of the multi-axis feed system,its high-fidelity DT model was established.Through the transmission of the multi-granular information between the digital and physical spaces,the DT and physical entity could be accurately synchronized in different dimensions and various time-scales.With the reduced-order characterization of the DT model,the dynamic relationship of the contour error and its multi-influencing factors was modeled,and the dynamic estimation of the contour error was realized with the integration of the multi-granularity information.Based on the dynamic estimation result of the contour error,a comprehensive suppression method of the contour error was proposed to realize the interpolation control of the multi-axis feed drive system with time-varying motion control parameters.The synchronous motion experiment of the digital and physical spaces was conducted in a small three-axis CNC machine tool,and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified.

关 键 词：数字孪生 数控机床 进给系统 轮廓误差 误差抑制 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]