我国地基雷达观测月球的现状和研究进展  

The Status of Earth-based Radar Astronomical Observations of the Moon in China

作　　者：孙靖 杨嵩[2] 周峰[3] 丁宗华[2] 刘磊[3] 曹建峰[4] 韩松涛[4] 平劲松[1] Sun Jing;Yang Song;Zhou Feng;Ding Zonghua;Liu Lei;Cao Jianfeng;Han Songtao;Ping Jinsong(National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;China Research Institute of Radio-wave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China;Xidian University, Xi′an 710071, China;Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]中国电波传播研究所,山东青岛266107 [3]西安电子科技大学,陕西西安710071 [4]北京航天飞行控制中心,北京100094

出　　处：《天文研究与技术》2022年第1期29-40,共12页Astronomical Research & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11833001,11973015,61931002)资助.

摘　　要：地基雷达观测可以提供太阳系天体目标的地形地貌、物理特征、轨道动力等信息。聚焦利用地基雷达天文技术开展月球观测的原理方法和科学意义,介绍了基于我国现有深空雷达上行装置、射电望远镜条件以及非相干散射雷达等系统,初步开展的特高频段(Ultra High Frequency,UHF)和X频段的地基雷达观测月球试验。通过月球反射回波的信号处理,获得了延迟、多普勒频移等参数,得到了一致的与近表层物质密度相关的月面雷达反射率,并得到了月球的左右旋圆极化率,反映了与波长同尺度的月球近表层结构。文章积累的数据处理经验将为我国的小行星预警、行星历表等地基雷达观测研究提供技术基础。Earth-based radar astronomical observations provide information on surface characteristics,orbits,and rotations for a wide variety of solar system objects.Based on compound radio telescopes,in cooperation with the Chinese radar transmitters,we present the current ground radar astronomical observations of the moon.The time delay and spectrum of the reflected radio signals were measured.Radar albedo of the observed region was determined with X band and UHF band,respectively.The power ratios of the reflected signals with left-and right-hand circular polarizations was also determined,allowing us to study the radar reflectivity and near-surface wavelength-scale roughness of the moon.The lunar mapping with QJISR radar confirms the prospect of the Earth-based radar astronomical technique.Future developments on radar astronomy are also discussed in the paper.

关 键 词：地基雷达 月球 雷达反射率 圆极化率 

分 类 号：P165[天文地球—天文学]