施用钾肥对不同产量类型玉米自交系生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Maize Inbred Lines with Different Yield Types

作　　者：范雅芳 高聚林[1] 孙继颖[1] 刘剑 苏治军[1] 王志刚[1] 于晓芳[1] 胡树平[2] FAN Yafang;GAO Julin;SUN Jiying;LIU Jian;SU Zhijun;WANG Zhigang;YU Xiaofang;HU Shuping(Agricultural College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou 014109,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古包头014109

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第6期141-152,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300802);国家自然科学基金课题(31360304);内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室和农业农村部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-63)。

摘　　要：为研究施用钾肥对不同产量类型玉米自交系生理特性的影响,进而为选育高产优质的玉米材料提供理论基础。以21份不同玉米自交系为试验材料,通过长期定位的大田试验研究了施用钾肥对不同产量类型玉米自交系茎秆表型性状、茎秆抗倒力学性状、穗部性状、产量相关性状和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明:与0K相比较,45K处理下的高产类型、中产类型和低产类型玉米自交系茎秆粗分别提高14.21%,11.60%,8.41%;茎秆弯折强度分别提高30.58%,27.52%,24.59%;穗粗分别提高3.61%,2.57%,1.72%;秃尖分别降低10.19%,7.41%,4.81%;千粒质量分别提高4.97%,3.55%,2.23%;产量分别提高7.50%,5.57%,4.45%;籽粒蛋白质含量分别提高0.62,0.40,0.20百分点。施用钾肥通过提高玉米的茎秆形态及力学指标,增强玉米抗倒伏能力,促进植株的生长发育,提高玉米的产量和籽粒品质。各指标在不同产量类型玉米自交系间均表现为高产类型>中产类型>低产类型。玉米自交系株高、穗位高、茎粗、茎秆穿刺强度、茎秆抗压强度、茎秆弯折强度、穗粒数和千粒质量的升高及秃尖的降低可以显著提高玉米产量。因此,上述指标可以作为施用钾肥处理下玉米自交系产量的筛选指标。Twenty-one maize inbred lines were used to study the effects of potassium fertilizer on stem phenotype,stem lodging resistance,ear traits,yield-related traits and grain quality of maize inbred lines with different yield types.The results showed that compared with 0K,the stem diameter of high-yield,middle-yield and low-yield maize inbred lines under 45K treatment increased by 14.21%,11.60%and 8.41%;the bending strength of stem increased by 30.58%,27.52%and 24.59%;the ear diameter increased by 3.61%,2.57%and 1.72%;the ear tip barrenness decreased by 10.19%,7.41%and 4.81%;the 1000-grain mass increased by 4.97%,3.55%and 2.23%;the yield increased by 7.50%,5.57%and 4.45%;the grain protein content increased by 0.62,0.40,0.20 percentage points respectively.Application of potassium fertilizer could improve maize stem morphology and mechanical index,improve maize lodging resistance,promote maize plant growth and development,and then affect maize yield and quality.The results showed that high-yield type>middle-yield type>low-yield type of maize inbred lines with different yield types.The increase of plant height,ear height,stem diameter,stem puncture strength,stem compressive strength,stem bending strength,grain number per ear and 1000-grain mass,as well as the decrease of ear tip barrenness of maize inbred lines could significantly improve maize yield.Therefore,the above indexes can be used as screening indexes of yield of maize inbred line under potassium fertilizer application.This experiment provided a theoretical basis for breeding high-yield and high-quality maize materials,selecting suitable basic materials for studying the physiological characteristics of maize inbred lines with different yield types,and provided a reference basis for high-yield and high-efficiency maize breeding and rational utilization of potassium fertilizer in China in the future.

关 键 词：玉米自交系 钾肥 茎秆抗倒特性 产量 籽粒品质 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学]