民用轻小型无人机低空跌落撞击对地面人员安全性影响  

Impact of Low-Altitude Drop of Civilian Light and Small UAVs on the Safety of Ground Personnel

作　　者：郭亚周 刘小川[1] 白春玉[1] 王计真 王亚锋[1] Guo Yazhou;Liu Xiaochuan;Bai Chunyu;Wang Jizhen;Wang Yafeng(Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国飞机强度研究所结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《航空科学技术》2021年第12期115-121,共7页Aeronautical Science & Technology

摘　　要：为了研究民用轻小型无人机低空对地面人员可能产生的威胁伤害严重程度,以市场上占有率较高的Mavic 2无人机作为研究对象,开展了跌落撞击地面人员安全性测试,研究了无人机在不同高度跌落撞击下的响应模式,基于人体头部和颈部损伤准则分析了受撞击地面人员头颈部的力学响应,评估了地面人员受无人机碰撞伤害程度。研究结果表明,目前市场上常见的1kg以下的四旋翼无人机在低空高度跌落时并不会对地面人员造成不可接受的钝性碰撞伤害;由于无人机可折叠机翼的结构特征,无人机不仅会造成因机体碰撞而产生的钝性伤害,也会造成因叶片而产生的割伤/刺伤等锐性伤害;机身腹部侧面撞击姿态相比于其他姿态撞击会对地面人员造成更为严重的伤害。通过本项目的研究,可为民用轻小型无人机安全运营提供技术支撑和数据参考。In order to study the severity of the threat and damage that civilian light and small drones may cause to ground personnel at low altitudes, the Mavic 2 UAV which has a high market share is used as the research object.The safety test of personnel falling and hitting the ground has been carried out, and the response mode of the UAV under different height drops and impact is studied. Based on the human head and neck injury criteria, the mechanical response of the head and neck of the ground personnel was analyzed, and the degree of injury of the ground personnel by the UAV collision was evaluated. The results show that the common quadrotor UAVs below 1 kg on the market will not cause unacceptable blunt collision damage to ground personnel when falling at a low altitude. Due to the structural characteristics of the UAV’s foldable wings, the UAV will not only cause blunt injuries due to body collisions, but also sharp injuries such as cuts/stabs due to blades. The side impact posture on the abdomen of the fuselage will cause more serious damage to the ground personnel than other posture. The research of this project can provide technical support and data reference for the safe operation of civilian light and small drones.

关 键 词：轻小型无人机 低空跌落 地面人员 安全性 

分 类 号：V232[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]