2种职业健康风险评估方法在1-溴丙烷生产和使用企业中的应用  

Application of two occupational health risk assessment methods in enterprises with 1-bromopropane production and utilization

作　　者：张意[1] 肖经纬[1] 李忠生[1] 陈宵[1] 蔡文建 付豪 吕佳琦 李斌[1] ZHANG Yi;XIAO Jing-wei;LI Zhong-sheng;CHEN Xiao;CAI Wen-jian;FU Hao;Lü Jia-qi;LI Bin(National Institude of Oecupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control,Beijing,100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2021年第4期397-401,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划化学品致突变和促癌效应快速筛查与确证技术研究(2017YFF0211201)。

摘　　要：目的比较2种风险评估方法对1-溴丙烷生产和使用企业职业个体健康风险评估的适用性。方法采用典型抽样方法,各选择3家1-溴丙烷生产和使用企业作为研究对象,检测工人个体接触1-溴丙烷的时间加权平均浓度,分别采用美国国家环境保护局(EPA)吸入风险评估法(以下简称"EPA法")和新加坡有害化学物质职业暴露半定量风险评估法(以下简称"MOM法")评估1-溴丙烷非致癌性健康风险,并对评估结果进行比较。结果采用EPA法进行评估时,生产企业的4个工作岗位的风险评估结果均为可忽略风险;当以我国职业接触限值(OEL)作为参考接触浓度(RfC)时,风险评估结果在使用企业的清洗机B和夹取岗为中等风险,其余4个工作岗位均为低风险;当以美国毒物和疾病登记署的24 h最小风险水平值作为RfC时,风险评估结果在使用企业的清洗机B和夹取岗为极高风险,清洗机A和检查岗为高风险,清洗机D为中等风险,清洗机C为低风险。采用MOM方法进行评估时,生产企业的4个工作岗位的风险评估结果均为低风险;风险评估结果在使用企业的清洗机B和夹取岗为高风险,清洗机A、清洗机D和检查岗为中等风险,清洗机C为低风险。结论当采用OEL进行风险评估时,MOM评估法较EPA评估法更为适用于评估1-溴丙烷的职业健康风险。Objective To compare the applicability of two risk assessment methods for occupational health risk assessment in enterprises with 1-bromopropane(1-BP) production and utilization. Methods Three enterprises with 1-BP production and utilization were selected as the research subjects by a typical sampling method. The exposure concentration of time-weighted average of 1-BP-exposed in worker was detected. The non-carcinogenic health risk of 1-BP was assessed using the USA Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) inhalation risk(EPA assessment model) and the Ministry of Manpower of Singapore(MOM assessment model), and the results were compared. Results When the EPA method was used for the assessment, the risk assessment results of the four posts in the manufacturing enterprises were all negligible. In the enterprises that use 1-BP, the posts of cleaning machine B and clamping were of medium risk and the other four posts were of low risk based on the occupational exposure limit(OEL) in China used as the reference exposure concentration(RfC). When the 24-hour minimal risk level of USA Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry was used as the RfC, the posts of cleaning machine B and clamping were of extreme high risk;the posts in cleaning machine A and checking were of high risk;the post in the cleaning machine D was of medium risk and the post of cleaning machine C was of low risk. When the MOM assessment model was used for evaluation, the four posts were of low risk in the 1-BP production enterprises. In the enterprises that use 1-BP, the posts of cleaning machine B and clamping were of high risk;the posts of cleaning machine A, cleaning machine D and checking were of medium risk;and the post of cleaning machine C was of low risk. Conclusion When the OEL value is used for risk assessment, the MOM assessment method is more suitable than the EPA assessment method to assess occupational health risks of 1-BP.

关 键 词：1-溴丙烷 职业健康 风险评估 定量评估 半定量评估 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]