小型突发事件场景下的应急车辆优先通行策略研究  

A Study of Prioritized Routing Strategy of Emergency Vehicles over Small-scale Emergency Scenes

作　　者：黄敏 伍召举[1,2,3] 李烨焘 王灵丽 HUANG Min;WU Zhaoju;LI Yetao;Wang Lingli(School of Intelligent Systems Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310051,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学智能工程学院,广州510006 [2]中山大学广东省智能交通系统重点实验室,广州510006 [3]浙江大华技术股份有限公司,杭州310051

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2021年第6期19-26,53,共9页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1600400)资助。

摘　　要：对于高峰期发生的小型突发事件,应急车辆优先通行可能对路网造成强负外部性,同时为保证应急车辆优先通行而采取的信号协调策略可能导致路径选择不可靠。因此,提出1种基于双层规划模型的应急车辆优先通行策略,综合考虑应急车辆的时效性以及交通系统的运行效率。路径选择受路径长度等物理条件以及交通状态的影响,信号控制改变车道通行能力和上下游流量,进而改变路网状态。以车道组饱和度作为表征路网状态的参数,并以此联系路径选择与信号控制,进而构建应急车辆优先通行的双层规划模型。具体地,上层目标为应急车辆行程时间最短以保证应急车辆出行的时效性,下层目标为信号控制对交通系统的社会车辆效益最大,采用改进的前N条最短路径多重标号算法求解。算例结果表明:相较于传统方案,应急车辆行程时间增加8.7%,对社会车辆的延误降低261%,即应急车辆每降低1%的行程时间以交通系统增加30%的延误为代价。该方案能够以较小的应急车辆延误为代价降低高峰期交通系统较大的延误。For small-scale emergency scenes that take place during peak hours,the priority of emergency vehicle may cause traffic delays.And signal strategy to ensure the priority of emergency vehicle affects the reliability of route selection.A priority strategy of emergency vehicles based on a bi-level programming model is proposed,considering the efficiency of emergency vehicles and the delays to the traffic system.Path selection is affected by physical conditions and traffic status.Signal control changes traffic status.The lane group saturation is used as a parameter to characterize the traffic status,and a bi-level programming model for the priority of emergency vehicles is constructed.The upper-level is path selection,which can minimize the travel time of emergency vehicles.The lower level is signal control,which can maximize the social benefit caused by signal control.It is solved by an improved multi-labels algorithm for N-shortest paths problem.The result shows that the travel time of emergency vehicles is increased by 8.7%,but the delays of social vehicles are reduced by 261%.An increase of 1%in the travel time of emergency vehicles leads to a decrease of 30%in delays to the traffic system.This strategy can reduce larger delays to the traffic system at the cost of smaller delays to emergency vehicles.

关 键 词：城市交通 应急车辆 优先通行 双层规划模型 

分 类 号：U491.13[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]