商品有机肥配施对果园土壤肥力和“蜜脆”苹果果实品质的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Commercial Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Fruit Quality of‘Honeycrisp’Apple

作　　者：张秀志 郭甜丽 焦学艺 刘晨露 李宇星 马锋旺[1] 符轩畅[1] 李翠英[1] ZHANG Xiuzhi;GUO Tianli;JIAO Xueyi;LIU Chenlu;LI Yuxing;MA Fengwang;FU Xuanchang;LI Cuiying(State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple/College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/陕西省苹果重点实验室/西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期65-74,共10页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100/30);杨凌科技项目(2018NY-11).

摘　　要：苹果生产中普遍存在化肥施用过量而有机肥投入不足的现象,使果园土壤质量差、肥力低,导致树体营养供应不足,影响苹果产量和品质,因此研究苹果化肥减施增效和土壤改良的技术对促进苹果产业绿色安全高质量发展具有重要意义.本研究以“蜜脆”苹果为材料,设置商品有机肥替代化肥,配施菌肥、黄腐酸或硅肥的不同施肥处理,分析不同处理土壤pH值、有机质、土壤养分、叶片生长和果实品质的变化.结果表明,商品有机肥配施菌肥、土壤改良剂后,土壤pH值降低,土壤有机质及速效氮、磷、钾质量分数增加,因而使土壤肥力提高,以“商品有机肥+黄腐酸+1/2化肥”处理对土壤的改善效果较好;“蜜脆”苹果叶片的SPAD值(叶绿素相对含量)提高,氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等多种营养元素的积累量增加,从而促进了叶片的生长;同时,“蜜脆”苹果果实的可溶性固形物和钙、镁质量分数增加,可滴定酸比例降低,因而固酸比增大,提高了果实品质.就叶片生长和营养以及果实品质而言,3个处理之间差异无统计学意义.两年检测分析结果显示,“商品有机肥+黄腐酸+1/2化肥”处理的综合效果较好.Excessive application of chemical fertilizer and insufficient input of organic fertilizer commonly exist in apple production,which leads to poor quality and low fertility of soil in apple orchards.It results in insufficient nutrient supply to apple trees and affects the yield and quality of fruit.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the technology of reducing and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizer application,fulvic acid and silicon fertilizer,and soil improvement,in order to promote the green,safe and high-quality development of apple production.In this study,the changes of pH value,organic matter and nutrients contents of soil,the growth of leaf and the fruit quality of‘Honeycrisp’apple under different fertilization treatments were analyzed.The results showed that after applying commercial organic fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer,fulvic acid and silicon fertilizer,and soil conditioners,the pH value of soil was decreased,the organic matter content of soil and the contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were increased,resulting in the increased fertility of soil.The effect of commercial organic fertilizer+fulvic acid+1/2 chemical fertilizer,had a bettr effect on soil amendment.The SPAD value of leaves of‘Honeycrisp’apple was increased,and the accumulation of N,P,K,Ca and Mg were increased,which promoted the growth of leaves.At the same time,the contents of soluble solids,Ca and Mg were increased,while the titratable acid content was decreased,resulting in the increased ratio of solid to acid.Overall,there were no significant differences among the three treatments on growth and nutrient level of leaves and fruit quality.Based on the analysis of two years,the treatment of commericial organic fertilizer+fulvic acid+1/2 chemical fertilizer had a better overall effect.

关 键 词：苹果 有机肥 土壤肥力 营养元素 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]