广西邕宁顶蛳山遗址出土黑色石料材质的光谱无损分析  

A Study on the Materiality of Black Stone Excavated From the Dingsishan Assemblage in Yongning County,Guangxi

作　　者：李颖[1,2] 周振宇 杨益民[1,2] 罗武干[1,2] LI Ying;ZHOU Zhen-yu;YANG Yi-min;LUO Wu-gan(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学考古学与人类学系,北京100049 [3]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2022年第1期253-257,共5页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(20VJXG018);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目资助。

摘　　要：石质材料鉴定是旧石器时代考古学研究的基础,因为石质种类会影响石器的制作技术、器物形态、工具类型,从而进一步制约遗址的石工业面貌乃至文化面貌。然而,仅从外观上对石器材质进行判定有很大的不确定性,特别是在鉴别黑曜石和玻璃陨石这类外观极其相似的天然玻璃质材料,大量案例表明人工目验的结果是不准确的,经常会出现误判的情况。因此,越来越多的研究开始借助现代科学仪器对石器材质进行鉴定。顶蛳山遗址作为岭南地区一处十分重要的石器时代遗址,为我们了解广西地区史前文化特征与内涵,探讨广西与周围地区史前文化交流提供了十分宝贵的资料。然而,对于出土在顶蛳山遗址中的大量黑色石器,发掘者们对这些石器的材质一直存疑。为了确定顶蛳山遗址出土黑色石料的材质,利用拉曼光谱、红外光谱和能量色散X射线荧光光谱(ED-XRF)等分析手段对其进行了原位无损材质鉴定。Raman分析表明,所有样品均为非晶态SiO_(2)类物质;同时样品的均在380 cm^(-1)处出现极强吸收峰,提示样品中可能含有黄铁矿。所有样品的红外光谱在1200~900 cm^(-1)处平滑且不见明显肩峰,同时在750~500 cm^(-1)处不见明显吸收峰,表明样品不含斜长石、石英等矿物,这与玻璃陨石的物相特征相吻合。ED-XRF结果表明,样品的主要成分是SiO_(2)和Al_(2)O_(3),且其碱土金属(RO)和铁含量高而碱金属含量低(R^(2)O),R^(2)O/RO小于1、K_(2)O/CaO的比值处于0.8~1.6之间,这些成分特征均与玻璃陨石相符。综合以上分析结果,可确定本文分析的石料样品均是玻璃陨石。分析结果对于进一步探讨顶蛳山遗址出土黑色石料的产地,顶蛳山遗址先民的活动范围及其与周边地区史前文化的交流与互动都具有重要参考价值。It is a fundamental assignment and an essential work to identify stone tools in the paleolithic archaeology study because the material is an essential factor influencing manufacturing technology,the shape and the type of tools,the stone industry,and the cultural features of one site.However,archaeologists may misjudge the stone tools material only from morphology,especially when identifying natural glasses,such as tektite and obsidian,which have a similar appearance.Many examples manifest that it is unreliable only to use the manual inspection to indentify the stone material.Hence,using scientific instruments to obtain more information to identify the materials is a more reliable way.Dingsishan site,as a significant stone age site in the Lingnan area,provides valuable information about the characteristics and connotation of prehistoric culture in Guangxi,and allows the exploration of the prehistoric cultural exchanges between Guangxi and surrounding areas.However,the explorers doubted the rature of black stone artifacts unearthed in the Dingsishan site.So in this article,Raman spectroscopy,Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and Energy Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer(ED-XRF)were used to analyze the material of black stones.Eleven black stones were excavated from the Dingsishan Assemblage in Yongning County,Guangxi,and two black stones were collected from Baise,Guangxi.The Raman spectroscopy results indicate that samples are amorphous SiO_(2).Moreover,all the samples have a strong peak at 380 cm^(-1),which may be caused by pyrite.The FT-IR results reveal that all samples have no prominent absorption peaks at 750~500 cm^(-1) and no shoulder peaks at 1200~900 cm^(-1),indicating no plagioclase or quartz in the samples,which is consistent with the characteristics of tektite.The chemical composition results indicate that SiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) mainly compose the samples.Additionally,the samples have high iron and alkaline earth oxide(RO)contents and low alkali(R^(2)O)contents.Furthermore,the rati

关 键 词：黑曜石 玻璃陨石 石料材质 光谱无损分析 

分 类 号：TQ17[化学工程—硅酸盐工业]