土地利用对河西走廊荒漠绿洲区土壤入渗的影响  

Effect of land use on soil infiltration in the desert-oasis of Hexi Corridor

作　　者：孙程鹏 赵文智 Chengpeng Sun;Wenzhi Zhao(National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Cropland Ecosystem in Linze/Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院临泽农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2021年第6期148-156,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41630861)。

摘　　要：绿洲是由农田、林地、沙荒地、湖泊和湿地等多种景观组成的镶嵌体,农田、林地、沙荒地是该镶嵌体的主要组成部分。探究不同土地利用土壤入渗特征对深入了解绿洲内部水循环和水转化具有重要意义。本文研究了农田、防护林地和沙荒地3种土地利用方式0—40 cm土层土壤物理性质及入渗特征,探讨不同土地利用对土壤入渗特征的影响及其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用土壤质地差异显著,较沙荒地,防护林地和农田0—40 cm土层土壤黏粉粒含量分别增加了100.25%和285.23%,土地利用对干密度和总孔隙度影响较小,仅防护林地表层(0—10 cm)干密度减小(1.37±0.12 g·cm^(-3))、总孔隙度增大(48.22%±4.56%);(2)不同土地利用方式土壤入渗性能存在显著差异,与沙荒地相比,农田和防护林地土壤初始入渗率分别减小了75.49%和37.05%,饱和导水率分别减小了80.04%和42.02%;(3)不同土地利用方式显著影响土壤水流模式,防护林地和农田土壤水流入渗非均匀性显著高于沙荒地,其优先流比分别是沙荒地土壤的3.84倍和5.46倍;(4)土壤初始入渗率和饱和导水率与黏粉粒含量显著负相关,优先流比和长度指数与黏粉粒含量和总孔隙度显著正相关,土壤入渗性能和水流模式均受土壤质地的影响,表明土壤质地是土地利用对土壤入渗影响的关键因子。Oases are a complex mosaic of various landscapes such as cropland,woodland,desert land,lake and wetland.As the major component of oases,it is necessary to examine soil infiltration under these land use types as well as related factors among cropland,woodland and desert land,this is of great significance for understanding the water cycle and transformation in oases.To explore the effects of land use types on soil infiltration characteristics and related mechanisms in the desert-oasis of Hexi Corridor,dyeing Beerkan infiltration experiments and soil samples of 0-40 cm soil layers were conducted.The results showed that:(1)there was a significant difference between the three land use types,compared with desert land,silt and clay contents of 0-40 cm soil layers in protection forest and cropland sites increased by 100.25%and 285.23%,respectively;But land use types had little effect on dry density and total porosity,only dry density of surface layer(0-10 cm)in protection forest decreased(1.37±0.12 g·cm^(-3))and the total porosity increased(48.22%±4.56%).(2)Soil infiltration capacities also varied,compared to desert land sites,the initial infiltration rate in protection forest and cropland sites decreased by 75.49%and 37.05%,respectively,on the other hand,the saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased by 80.04%and 42.02%,respectively.(3)Land use types significantly affected soil water flow patterns,the heterogeneity of soil infiltration in protection forest and cropland sites was significantly stronger than that in desert land sites,the macropore flow fraction in protection forest and cropland sites was 3.84 times and 5.46 times higher than that in desert land sites.(4)A significant negative correlation was found between the initial infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil silt and clay contents,while the macropore flow fraction and length index and soil silt and clay contents and total porosity demonstrated a significantly positively correlation,indicating soil infiltration capacities and water

关 键 词：绿洲 土地利用 土壤入渗性能 土壤水流模式 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]