TPOA框架在禁牧政策效果评价与优化调控中的应用——以宁夏盐池县为例  

Application of TPOA framework in the effect evaluation and optimal control of the grazing prohibition policy:A case study in Yanchi,Ningxia,China

作　　者：王娅 Ya Wang(Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2021年第6期179-186,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807519);中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室开放基金项目(KLDD-2018-002);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020BBF02003)。

摘　　要：位于北方农牧交错区地形、气候、植被过渡带的宁夏盐池县是典型的农牧生产和生态敏感区。基于农户视角,应用目标-过程-结果-调控四维分析框架(TPOA)和问卷数据,分析禁牧政策的实施效果和适时调整问题,对于全面了解禁牧政策的实施效用、制定相应的调控对策具有一定的实践指导意义,可为北方农牧交错区禁牧的适时调整与草原的合理利用提供案例支撑。禁牧政策实施中,60.40%、55.38%和11.83%的受访户分别采取了扩张型、调整型和收缩型适应策略,农户从事非农产业的比例提高,夜间偷牧现象普遍,存在饲草缺口大、养殖成本高、龙头企业带动力不强、市场监管难等困境。该政策的实施实现了盐池当地草原生态恢复和沙漠化逆转,38.79%的受访户认为禁牧政策确实"达到了"生态恢复的预期目标,60.87%的农户对草原补奖表示满意,46.09%的受访户认为禁牧政策亟待调整,可从提高禁牧补偿标准、生态适宜地区适当开牧、延长补助期限等方面着手。将TPOA框架应用于禁牧政策效果评价中,为评价生态政策的实施绩效提供了理论基础。Located in the transitional zone of terrain,climate and vegetation in the Northern farming-pastoral ecotone,Yanchi County,is a typical agricultural and animal husbandry production and ecologically sensitive area.Based on the Target-Process-Outcome-Adjustment framework and questionnaire data from the perspective of farmers to analyze the implementation effects of the grazing prohibition policy and timely adjustment.It have a certain guiding significance for fully understanding the implementation effectiveness of the prohibition grazing policy and formulating corresponding control countermeasures.It can provide the case support for timely adjustment of grazing prohibition and the rational use of grassland in the Northern farming-pastoral ecotone.In the implementation of the grazing prohibition policy,about 60.40%,55.38%,and 11.83%of the interviewed households adopted expansion,adjustment,and contraction adaptation strategies,respectively.The proportion of farmers who engaged in non-agricultural industries have increased,and the phenomenon of trespass grazing at night is widespread.There are development difficulties such as large gaps in forage grass,high breeding costs,weak driving force of leading enterprises,and difficult market supervision.The implementation of this policy has achieved the ecological restoration of the grassland and the desertification reversion in Yanchi County.About38.79%of the interviewed households agreed that the grazing prohibition policy has indeed“reached”the expected goal of ecological restoration.60.87%of the farmers are satisfied with the grassland compensation,and46.09%of the interviewed households believe that the grazing prohibition policy needs to be adjusted urgently,which can be started by raising the compensation standard for prohibiting grazing,properly opening grazing in ecologically suitable areas,and extending the subsidy period.Applying the TPOA framework to the evaluation of the effect of the grazing prohibition policy,it provides a theoretical basis for evaluating th

关 键 词：禁牧政策 TPOA四维分析框架 效果评价 政策调控 农户视角 盐池县 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]