2004—2019年上海市普陀区突发公共卫生事件流行特征与处置情况分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and response to public health emergencies in Putuo District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2019

作　　者：胡芳[1] 彭臻[1] 张焕生[1] HU Fang;PENG Zhen;ZHANG Huan-sheng(Shanghai Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 230032,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市普陀区疾病预防控制中心,上海230032

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2021年第12期1187-1190,1200,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：【目的】分析上海市普陀区2004—2019年突发公共卫生事件的流行特征和处置情况,为有效应对辖区突发公共卫生事件提供参考依据。【方法】收集上海市普陀区2004—2019年突发公共卫生事件的网络直报资料,采用描述流行病学方法,对资料进行统计学分析。【结果】2004—2019年,上海市普陀区共报告突发公共卫生事件59起,涉及发病人数1 252例,死亡6例。上海市普陀区突发公共卫生事件呈先上升后下降且低水平波动的趋势。突发公共卫生事件以一般事件为主,占72.88%(43/59);事件类型以传染病事件为主,占69.49%(41/59);发生场所以学校和托幼机构为主,占67.80%(40/59),尤以小学事件数最多。传染病事件高峰期在6月和11月,突发急性中毒和高温中暑事件集中在7—8月,其中,高温中暑致死4人。突发公共卫生事件发现时效、核实时效、报告时效和控制时效的中位数分别为10.81、3.00、1.70和307.40 h,不同类型突发公共卫生事件的发现时效和控制时效差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,突发公共卫生事件发现时效和核实时效与控制时效有关(b=0.766、0.758,F=3.84、5.65,均P<0.01)。【结论】上海市普陀区突发公共卫生事件防控应以传染病事件为主,重点关注水痘疫情,加强学校公共卫生事件防控工作,关注不同职业人群的职业中毒和高温中暑事件;提高突发公共卫生事件发现及时性和核实及时性,进一步提高事件的控制效果。[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Putuo District and provide scientific evidence to effectively respond to public health emergencies in the future.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of public health emergencies reported by the national online system in Putuo District from 2004 to 2019.[Results]A total of 59 public health emergencies were reported from 2004 to 2019,during which 1 252 patients and 6 death cases were involved.From 2004 to 2019,the number of public health emergencies in Putuo District first increased and then decreased,fluctuating at a low level yearly.Most of the emergencies were general events(72.88%,43/59).69.49 percent(41/59)of the events were infectious diseases,and 67.80 percent(40/59)occurred in schools and child care institutes,with primary schools with the highest number of events.The peaks of infectious disease events occurred in June and November,while the majority of occupational poisoning and heat stoke events occurred in July and August,with 4 patients dead from heat stroke.The medians of events detection,verification,reporting and controlling timelines were 10.81,3.00,1.70 and 307.40 h;different categories of events varied in their detection and controlling time interval(all P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that events detection and verification timelines were correlated with controlling timelines(b=0.766,0.758,F=3.84,5.65,all P<0.01).[Conclusions]The majority of public health emergencies in Putuo District are caused by infectious diseases,especially chicken pox.The prevention and control measures should be strengthened in schools.For occupational poisoning and heat stoke events,attention should be paid to different occupational groups.The capacity of emergency detection and verification should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of incident control.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 流行病学 描述性分析 监测质量 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]