第21届世界杯足球赛快速反击战术表现分析  

Tactical Performance Analysis of Fast Counter-Attacks in the 21st FIFA World Cup

作　　者：屈铁强 杜康 巫锦可 QU Tie-qiang;DU Kang;WU Jin-ke(College of Physical Education,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou,Guangdong,521041;Shenzhen No.7 Senior High School,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518000;Heyuan No.2 Primary School,Heyuan,Guangdong,517000)

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院体育学院,广东潮州521041 [2]深圳市第七高级中学,广东深圳518000 [3]河源市第二小学,广东河源517000

出　　处：《韩山师范学院学报》2021年第6期58-66,共9页Journal of Hanshan Normal University

基　　金：韩山师范学院校级科研项目(项目编号:XS202020)。

摘　　要：采用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,样本由2018年世界杯32强球队参加的64场比赛中的1837次快速反击战术统计数据组成,研究变量8个.3个连续性变量进行T检验,分类变量5个进行卡方检验,对比分析成功与失败的快速反击战术特征.研究表明:第一,本次世界杯比赛中,各球队快速反击战术多以发起区域为中路,得球手段为对手传球失误,处理球方式为向前传球,比分状态为比分相同时,进攻方式为中边结合进攻为主的快速反击战术.第二,成功的快速反击与失败的快速反击在用时、传接球次数、参与人数、得球手段、发起区域、处理球方式及进攻方式上有显著性差异.第三,成功的快速反击特征表明,在获得球权开始6 s时间内,选择距离球门路线最短的中路进攻方式,处理球方式上应大胆选择冒险性向前传球或个人运球突破,通过1-3人简练2次内的传接球次数,完成战术进攻;在对方后场区域进行高位压迫,迫使防守方接球、解围失误,夺回球权持续发起进攻,对防守方球门持续形成威胁,才能获得高效的快速反击效果.This paper adopts the research methods of literature,video observation,mathematical statistics and logical analysis.The sample consists of the statistics of 1,837 fast counter-attacks in 64 matches participated by the top 32 teams in the 2018 World Cup,with 8 research variables.Three continuity variables were tested by t-test and five classification variables were tested by chi-square test to compare and analyze the tactical characteristics of successful and failed fast counter-attacks.The research results are as follows.First,in this World Cup,the fast counter-attack tactics of each team were mostly based on the area of initiating offense in the midfield,with the opponent’s passing mistake as the means of getting the ball,and forward passing as the way of handling the ball;when the score was tied,the teams would attack from both the center and the sides for fast counter-attacks.Second,there were significant differences between successful and failed fast counter-attacks in terms of time spent,number of passes and catches,number of participants,means of getting the ball,initiating area,ball handling and offense style.Third,the characteristics of successful fast counter-attacks show that within 6 seconds from the time of getting the ball,the effective strategies included choosing the midfield as the way of offense with the shortest route to the goal,handling the ball in a way of risky forward passing and cutting through the defense with dribbling moves,and completing the tactical offense among 1-3 players with no more than 2 times of passes and catches;High pressure in the opponent’s backcourt area forced the defender to make mistakes in receiving the ball and clearing the encirclement,so that the offensive team would regain the control of the ball,and continue to launch attacks and pose threats to the defender’s goal,thus obtaining an efficient effect of fast counter-attacks.

关 键 词：世界杯 快速反击 战术特征 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]