中国不必引进记者拒证权  

China Does Not Need to Introduce the Reporter’s Privilege

作　　者：高一飞 李超琼 Yifei Gao;Chaoqiong Li(Guangxi University)

机构地区：[1]广西大学法学院 [2]广西大学

出　　处：《全球传媒学刊》2021年第5期110-123,共14页Global Journal of Media Studies

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金课题“看守所法立法研究”(项目批准号:18BFX078);中国法学会2020年度部级法学研究课题“习近平总书记关于政法领域改革重要论述的实践运用”(项目批准号:CLS(2020)ZX002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：记者拒证权,是指新闻记者拒绝在司法活动中对消息来源作证的权利。美国联邦最高法院在"布莱兹伯格案"中判决:在特定情况下法院可以要求记者就消息来源作证,并授权联邦和州立法机关对这个问题自由制定立法;下级法院通过判例确立了记者作证的条件。到2020年底,除联邦和两个州以外,美国40个州和哥伦比亚特区颁布了保护记者就消息来源拒绝作证的"盾牌法"。历史上,美国因拒绝作证而被处罚的共有46人,但2008年以后这一情况没有再发生。记者拒证权是少数西方国家特有的制度,而在中国,新闻自由得到充分的司法保障,不存在强迫记者出庭作证、泄露消息来源的法律规定和司法先例;和普通公民一样,在对待记者出庭作证的问题上,我们遵循"知情不举不为罪"的规则。中国不存在强迫记者作证的问题,不必引进记者拒证权制度。Reporter’s privilege refers to the right of journalists to refuse to testify on the facts of the case involved in the judicial activities. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the “Branzburg v.Hayes ”: Under certain circumstances, the court can require reporters to testify on the source of information, but it also empowers the federal and state legislatures to enact legislation on this issue freely;the lower federal court has established the meaning of journalists through cases. By the end of 2020, in addition to the federal and two states, 40 states and the District of Columbia have enacted shield laws to protect journalists from refusing to testify about sources. Historically, 46 people in the United States have been punished for refusing to testify, but this has not happened since 2008. The reporter’s privilege is a unique system in a few Western countries. In China, where the freedom of the press is fully protected by justice, there are no legal provisions and judicial precedents that force reporters to testify in court and divulge information sources. We follow the rule that it is not a crime to refuse to testify in court for journalists like ordinary citizens. Therefore, there is no problem of forcing journalists to testify in China, and China does not need to introduce the reporter’s privilege at all.

关 键 词：记者拒证权 盾牌法 知情不举 传播法 新闻自由 

分 类 号：G214.2[文化科学—新闻学]