复杂坚硬岩层条件下特厚煤层综放开采矿压分级预测  

Prediction on weighting classification of fully-mechanized caving mining under extremely thick coal seam

作　　者：李云鹏 赵善坤[2,5] 李杨 王寅 秦凯 孙德全 李一哲 赵阳 LI Yunpeng;ZHAO Shankun;LI Yang;WANG Yin;QIN Kai;SUN Dequan;LI Yizhe;ZHAO Yang(Deep Mining and Rockburst Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Mine Safety Technology Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Engineering Laboratory of Deep Mine Rockburst Disaster Assessment,Jinan 250100,China;Coalfield Geological Planning Survey and Research Institute of Shandong,Jinan 250100,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization,Beijing 100013,China;Mining Institute,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学研究总院深部开采与冲击地压研究院,北京100013 [2]煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司安全分院,北京100013 [3]山东省深部冲击地压灾害评估工程实验室,山东济南250100 [4]山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院,山东济南250100 [5]煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京100013 [6]辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2021年第S01期38-48,共11页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC0804203);山东省深部冲击地压灾害评估工程实验室开放资助项目(鲁煤研开(2020)004号);煤科院技术创新基金资助项目(2020CX-Ⅱ-26)。

摘　　要：顶板事故发生起数和死亡人数长期以来在我国煤矿各类事故中占有很大比例,特别是覆岩存在多层坚硬岩层时,其覆岩结构具有系统性、复杂性,易造成强烈的矿山压力显现,甚至诱发矿井动力灾害。因此,亟需提出适用于复杂坚硬岩层条件下矿压分级预测方法,为坚硬岩层控制提供理论支撑。基于复杂坚硬岩层条件下特厚煤层综放开采矿压显现特征,确定了不同空间位置坚硬岩层具有不同的矿压控制作用,即低位坚硬岩层控制小周期来压、中位坚硬岩层控制大周期来压、高位坚硬岩层控制强矿压显现;基于板壳力学、塑性力学理论,结合不同空间位置坚硬岩层的控制作用,建立了坚硬岩层“多层位板式结构”系统模型,根据结构形式将坚硬岩层划分为近场悬臂结构和远场砌体结构,揭示了复杂坚硬岩层破断运动过程具有渐进、复合等特征;建立了一套坚硬岩层破断尺度判据,形成了复杂坚硬岩层条件下的矿压分级预测方法。以大同矿区石炭系特厚煤层综放开采矿井为工程背景开展了矿压分级理论预测,通过分析现场矿压监测、微震监测数据,证实了复杂坚硬岩层条件下的矿压分级预测方法的适用性。研究成果一定程度上实现了复杂坚硬岩层的可知、可控,但不同坚硬岩层控制的结构破断时能量是如何传递至采场范围并引起动力显现的机理尚未完全阐明,该问题的研究可为坚硬岩层的精准控制提供理论支撑。The numbers of roof accidents and deaths have long occupied an important position in various types of coal mine accidents in China,especially when there are multiple hard stratum in overburden.The structures of multiple hard stratum are systematic and complex,which can easily causes strong strata behavior,even induces dynamic disasters.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop a method for predicting weighting classification under complex hard rock formations in order to provide a theoretical support for the control of hard rock formations.In this paper,based on the characteristics of fully mechanized top coal caving mining under the conditions of complex hard rock layers,it is determined that the hard rock layers in different spatial positions have different pressure control effects.That is,the low-level hard rock layer controls small-period weighting,the medium-level hard rock layer controls large-period weighting,and the high-level hard rock layer controls strong strata behavior.Based on the theory of plate and shell mechanics and plastic mechanics,a“multi-layer slab structure”system model of hard rock layers was established,and the hard rock layers were divided into near-field cantilever structures and far-field masonry structures,according to the structural form.It reveals that the process of breaking motion of complex hard rock layer has the characteristics of gradual and compound.The criterion of breaking scale of hard rock layer is established,and the method of grading prediction of rock pressure under the condition of complex hard rock layer is formed.Based on the engineering background of fully mechanized top coal caving mining in the Carboniferous ultra-thick coal seam of Datong mining area,the theoretical prediction of weighting classification was carried out.The applicability of the rock pressure classification prediction method under complex hard rock formation conditions was verified by analyzing on-site rock pressure monitoring and micro-seismic monitoring data.The research results have ach

关 键 词：坚硬岩层 特厚煤层 综放开采 结构破断 板壳理论 塑性力学 

分 类 号：TD326[矿业工程—矿井建设]