长江中游地区不同冬种复种方式下水稻产量和土壤氮素特征研究  

Study on different winter crops and multiple cropping patterns on rice yield and soil nitrogen characteristics in middle reaches of Yangtze River

作　　者：杨滨娟[1] 王礼献 袁嘉欣 黄国勤[1] YANG Binjuan;WANG Lixian;YUAN Jiaxin;HUANG Guoqin(Research Center on Ecological Science,College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045

出　　处：《生态科学》2021年第6期75-82,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160528);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300208);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B14-01)。

摘　　要：通过连续两年的田间试验,研究长江中游地区不同冬种复种方式下水稻产量和土壤氮素特征。结果表明:与冬闲对照处理相比,稻田冬种作物能够改善水稻产量构成要素,促进水稻生长发育,获得较高的群体干物质重,从而提高水稻产量,年均产量显著增加了0.15%—3.95%,2014年早稻和晚稻产量均是大蒜-早稻-晚稻模式最高,与冬闲对照相比,分别显著增加了2.91%和3.51%。分蘖期、抽穗期和灌浆期的铵态氮含量均是紫云英-早稻-晚稻模式达到最大,分蘖盛期和灌浆期显著高出其他处理8.33%—24.80%和12.06%—21.15%。早稻各生育期的微生物量氮均是紫云英-早稻-晚稻模式最高,且除了成熟期外,均与其他处理差异显著,增幅分别为7.64%—17.63%、12.29%—37.71%、2.98%—33.55%。综合来看,紫云英-早稻-晚稻和大蒜-早稻-晚稻这两种种植模式表现较好,对于提高水稻产量、维持土壤地力有积极效果,是适合推广应用的双季稻田冬季农业开发循环模式。The effects of different winter crops and multiple cropping patterns on rice yield and soil nitrogen characteristics in middle reaches of Yangtze River were evaluated in field trials for two consecutive years.Compared with the control,winter crops could improve rice yield components,promote the rice growth,obtain higher population dry matter,thus improve rice yield in paddy fields.The average annual yield significantly increased from 0.15% to 3.95%.In 2014,the yield of early rice and late rice was the highest under the pattern of garlic-early rice-late rice,which increased by 2.91% and 3.51% respectively compared with the control of winter fallow.The ammonium nitrogen content at tillering stage,heading stage and filling stage reached the maximum under the pattern of milk vetch-early rice-late rice,tillering stage and filling stage were 8.33%-24.80%,12.06%-21.15% higher than other treatments.The microbial biomass nitrogen of early rice at each growth stage was the highest under the pattern of milk vetch-early rice-late rice.Besides the mature stage,there were significant differences between the pattern of milk vetch-early rice-late rice and other treatments on others stages,which increased 7.64%-17.63%,12.29%-37.71% and 2.98%-33.55%,respectively.Overall,the planting patterns of milk vetch-early rice-late rice and garlic-rice-rice performed better,which had a positive effect on improving rice yield and maintaining soil fertility,which were suitable for popularization and application of cropping field agricultural development cycle mode in winter.

关 键 词：冬种复种 土壤氮素 水稻产量 长江中游地区 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S153[农业科学—农艺学]