长汀县水土流失敏感性时空分异研究  

Temporal and spatial differentiation of soil and water loss sensitivity in Changting County

作　　者：赖日文[1] 赖敏华 苏艳琴 LAI Riwen;LAI Minhua;SU Yanqin(School of Forest,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Party Commit of Longtan Town,Yongding District,Longyan City,Longyan 364120,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]龙岩市永定区龙潭镇党委,龙岩364120

出　　处：《生态科学》2021年第6期116-124,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：福建农林大学科技创新基金项目(KFA17284A);林学高峰学科建设项目(71201800755)。

摘　　要：长汀县是我国水土流失极为严重的地区,及时快速地监测区域内水土流失敏感性并开展相关治理显得尤为重要。以长汀县为研究区,选择1994、2006和2016年三期Landsat遥感影像为主要数据源,采用熵权法及多因子加权求和模型,以降雨、地形因子、土壤类型、植被覆盖度与土地利用类型5个指标作为水土流失敏感性评价指标,构建水土流失敏感性综合评价指标体系及各年份评价模型,对研究区水土流失敏感性分布情况进行综合评价。再采用自然分界法将其水土流失敏感性划分为不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感、极敏感5个等级,结合海拔、坡度分析其空间分异情况。结果表明:研究区水土流失敏感性等级以轻度敏感和中度敏感为主,空间格局表现为内高外低的分布特征。在水土流失敏感性等级变化中,1994—2016年,不同敏感性等级均有不同程度的转化,仅有局部地区敏感性等级有所上升,但总体呈高等级敏感区向低等级敏感区转移的趋势,该现象与长汀县政府对水土流失治理的重视密切相关。各年份敏感性等级随着海拔、坡度的上升均表现为增加后减少的趋势,与人类活动的频繁程度密切相关。研究结果能为研究区生态环境管控措施的制定提供一定的参考与指导。Changting County is the most serious area of soil erosion in China;it is particularly important to monitor the soil and water loss sensitivity in time and quickly and carry out relevant treatment.This paper took Changting County as the research object,and used Landsat remote sensing images from 1994,2006 and 2016 as the main data sources.By using the entropy weight method and the multifactor weighted summation model,five indexes including rainfall,topography factor,soil type,fractional vegetation coverage and land use type were used as the soil and water loss sensitivity evaluation indexes,a comprehensive evaluation index system for soil and water loss sensitivity and an evaluation model for each year were constructed to comprehensively evaluate the distribution of soil and water loss sensitivity in the study area.Soil and water loss sensitivity was divided into five levels:micro sensitivity,slight sensitivity,moderate sensitivity,strong sensitivity,and intense sensitivity,by the method of natural break.This article combined with terrain factors such as elevation and slope to analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation of soil and water loss sensitivity.The results showed that the soil and water loss sensitivity in Changting County was mainly at slight and moderate degree.The spatial pattern was characterized by the distribution features of the inner high and the outer low,and the intense sensitive areas were mainly distributed in the Hetian Basin with an elevation of<500 m and a gradient of<15°.Outside the Hetian Basin,the sensitivity level was lower and the ecological environment was better.In the change of sensitivity level of soil and water loss,from 1994 to 2016,different sensitivity levels all had different degrees of transformation,only the sensitivity level in some areas had increased,but the overall high-level sensitive areas shifted to low-grade sensitive areas.The trend was closely related to the Changting County government’s emphasis on the management of soil erosion.With the rise of elevation

关 键 词：熵权法 自然分界法 敏感性等级 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学]