水星的火山活动历史  

The history of volcanism on Mercury

作　　者：王一尘 肖智勇 Wang Yichen;Xiao Zhiyong(Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory,School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat‐sen University,Zhuhai,519082,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetary,Hefei,230026,China)

机构地区：[1]行星环境与宜居性研究实验室,中山大学大气科学学院,珠海519082 [2]中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心,合肥230026

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期981-999,共19页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41773063);中国科学院前沿重点部署项目(QYZDY-SSW-DQC028)。

摘　　要：火山活动是天体内部热活动的表现,火山活动的形式和持续时间是探索行星环境和宜居性演化的重要方面.与内太阳系的其他天体一样,水星表面经历了大规模和长时期的火山活动,但是水星上的火山地貌、喷发机制、持续时间,以及火成岩的物质组成等特点和其他类地天体明显不同.水星上的火山活动主要发生在太阳系形成之初的10亿年内,溢流性火山活动形成的坑间平原和平坦平原在全球分布,是水星表面分布面积最大的火山物质.随着内部逐渐冷却,水星自约38亿年前后进入了全球收缩的热状态,岩石圈内的压应力阻碍岩浆上涌,大规模溢流性火山活动快速停止.距今约35亿年以来,水星表面的火山活动主要是挥发分驱动岩浆沿岩石圈内的薄弱带快速上升引起的爆发性火山活动,在全球形成了百余处火成碎屑沉积物.一些爆发性火山活动持续到水星地质历史的近期.水星火山活动的历史反映了独特的幔部动力过程,揭示了天体撞击作用对内部热扰动的影响,对水星的起源和演化具有重要的指示意义.Volcanism is the manifestation of internal thermal activity,and the style and history of volcanism are important target to resolve the evolution of planetary surface enviroment and habitability. Similar with the other terrestrial bodies,the planet Mercury has been resurfaced by large-scale and long-term volcanic activities. However,characteristics of volcanism on Mercury,such as the compositions,volcanic landforms,eruption mechanisms,and active durations are obviously different from those of the Earth,Mars and Venus. Global effusive volcanism on Mercury occurred within the first billion years of its history and formed intercrater plains and smooth plains that cover a significant portion of the planet. Large-volume effusive volcanism was ceased at about 3.5 Ga due to interior cooling,thus the induced global contraction caused compressive stresses in the lithosphere,impeding the ascent of magma. Afterward,volcanism on Mercury has been shifted to small-scale explosive volcanism that is drived by volatile-rich magma along pre-existing crustal weakness. Explosive volcanism may continue to Mercury’-s recent history. The history of volcanism on Merury reflects special geodynamical process in the mantle,revealing the significant effect of basin-impacts on thermal evolution and providing insights into the origin and evolution of Mercury.

关 键 词：水星 火山活动 信使号 热演化 熔岩平原 爆发性火山活动 

分 类 号：P691[天文地球—地质学]