从申不害的“术”到慎到的“势”  

From Shen Buhai’s Tactics to Shen Dao’s Powers

作　　者：祁志祥[1] Qi Zhixiang

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院国学研究所

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2021年第6期142-150,共9页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“先秦思想史:从‘神本’到‘人本’”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:19FZXB060。

摘　　要：在商鞅和韩非之间,先秦法家有两个重要过渡,即申不害的"术"和慎到的"势"。他们以独特的贡献丰富了商鞅的"法"学思想,为韩非完成君主集权理论的完整建构提供了思想资源。申不害主张君主运用"法"的手段加强专制,同时善于以"阴术"辅助"阳法"。慎到强调君主大权独揽的"权势"的重要性,主张"至公"之法与驭臣之"术"相结合驾驭群臣,因人之情而治天下,实现天下统一。对申不害、慎到法学思想的整体构架中各自的"术""势"主张作比较研究和精准揭示,有助于完整理解先秦法家思想的流变及其丰富性。In the period when Shang Yang and Han Fei lived, the pre-Qin Legalists experienced two important transitional periods, namely Shen Buhai’s tactics and Shen Dao’s powers. They enriched Shang Yang’s Law thoughts and provided ideological resources for Han Fei to accomplish the complete construction of the theory of centralized monarchy. Shen Buhai advocated that the monarch should use law to strengthen autocracy, and at the same time be good at using shady methods to assist everyone in the decrees. Shen Dao emphasized the importance of power and advocated the combination of the law to the public and the tactics of governing officials to control the officials. He believed that it is necessary to rule the world according to human sentiment and realize the unification of the world. In the overall framework between Shen Buhai and Shen Dao’s legal thoughts, a comparative study and accurate revelation of their respective tactics and power propositions are helpful for a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and richness of pre-Qin legalism.

关 键 词：申不害 慎到 法学思想 术与势 比较研究 

分 类 号：D08[政治法律—政治学]