菊花杂交结实与种子萌发初探  

Preliminary Study on Hybrid Seed Setting and Seed Germination of Chrysanthemum morifolium

作　　者：张艳梅 王希 夏伯顺 赵阳阳 罗婷婷 付瀚森 罗靖[2] 王文恩[2] 王彩云[2] Zhang Yanmei;Wang Xi;Xia Boshun;Zhao Yangyang;Luo Tingting;Fu Hansen;Luo Jing;Wang Wenen;Wang Caiyun(Beijing Guoji Weiye Property Management Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100000,China;Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants,Ministry of Education,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei430070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京国基伟业物业管理有限公司,北京100000 [2]华中农业大学园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《绿色科技》2021年第23期89-92,105,共5页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2019YFD1001500);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(编号:2662019FW016)。

摘　　要：菊花是我国十大传统名花之一,具有极高的观赏价值和经济价值。通过杂交选育新优品种一直是传统菊花育种技术中相对简便、低成本的主要方法,但大菊相对于小菊的杂交结实率低。本研究将以12个性状优良的大菊品种选配成16个组合,选择小菊‘绿叮当’和毛华菊进行了控制杂交试验,同时比较了小菊开放授粉杂交的结实和不同处理对小菊种子播种的效果,测定了大菊亲本花粉活力。实验结果表明:不同品种间杂交组合和正反交结实都存在较大差异,大菊不同杂交组合每花头平均结实数1.46,种子发芽率为33%~100%,平均为55.7%,花粉萌发率为30%~80%。小菊‘绿叮当’与毛华菊每花头平均结实数为4.16,其发芽率高达86.67%。自由授粉小菊种子萌发率70%~80%,其中培养皿萌发率最高,达83.67%。正交结实率高于反交。这些实验结果可为选择亲本、优化杂交过程、提高杂交育种效率提供重要基础。Chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum×morifolium)is one of the ten famous traditional flowers in China,which has high ornamental value and economic value.Breeding new and excellent varieties through hybridization has always been a relatively simple and low-cost main method in traditional chrysanthemum breeding technology,but the cross-seed setting rate of big type chrysanthemum is lower than that of small one.In this study,12 elite Chrysanthemum cultivars were selected into 16 combinations.Small flower type'Lvdingdang'and C.vesticum were selected for controlled hybridization experiment.Meanwhile,the open pollination hybridization of small flower cultivars and their effects of different treatments on seed sowing were compared.The flower pollen vitality of large cultivars was determined.The results showed that there were great differences in seed setting between different hybrid combinations and reciprocal crosses.The average seed setting per flower head of different combinations of large type chrysanthemum was 1.46;the seed germination rate was 33%~100%;the average was 55.7%,and the pollen germination rate 30%~80%.The average seed setting rate of per flower head from small type'lvdingdang'and Chrysanthemum vesticum was 4.16,and their germination rate was 86.67%.The germination rate of free mix pollination of small Chrysanthemum seeds was 70%~80%,in which the culture dish condition was the highest,up to 83.67%comparing other treatments.The seed setting rate of reciprocal cross was different.These experiments have laid a foundation for selecting breeding parents,optimizing the hybridization process and improving the efficiency of cross breeding.

关 键 词：菊花 杂交 结实 萌发率 

分 类 号：S682[农业科学—观赏园艺]