不同断奶时间对羔羊瘤胃组织形态和真菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of different weaning time on rumen tissue morphology and fungal community structure of Small Tail Han sheep lambs

作　　者：李海琴 贾建磊[1] 侯生珍[1] LI Haiqin;JIA Jianlei;HOU Shengzhen(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2021年第12期2431-2437,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：青海省农牧科技创新羊产业科技研发平台资助项目(QNKP-2017-06-01)。

摘　　要：旨在研究不同断奶时间对羔羊瘤胃发育的影响,选择胎次、体质量相近的小尾寒羊双胎羔羊120只,随机分为3组,每组40只,分别于30,40,50日龄(d)断奶,90 d后每组随机选择6只屠宰,采集瘤胃组织和瘤胃液,测定瘤胃组织形态及真菌菌群多样性与群落结构。结果表明:1)40 d断奶羔羊平均日增重显著最高(P<0.05);2)40 d断奶组羔羊瘤胃乳头高度和肌肉层厚度显著最高(P<0.05),角化层厚度40 d断奶组显著低于30 d断奶组(P<0.05);3)真菌菌群丰富度和多样性40 d断奶组显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);4)门水平下共检测出6个菌门,其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)是3组羔羊优势菌门,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、毛霉门(Mucoromycota)、丝足虫门(Cercozoa)40 d断奶组显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);30 d断奶组Ascomycota丰度最高(P<0.05);5)属水平下德巴利酵母属(Debaryomyces)、青霉属(Penicillium)为本研究优势菌,Debaryomyces 30 d断奶组丰度显著高于其他组(P<0.05),Penicillium、小不整球壳属(Plectosphaerella)、Boeremia、沃德霉属(Wardomyces),40 d断奶组的丰度在3组间最高。综上所述,40 d断奶能够促进瘤胃组织形态的发育趋于完善,增加瘤胃真菌菌群多样性和丰富度,改善瘤胃微生物菌群结构,有助于促进羔羊的生长发育。The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different weaning times on the rumen development of lambs.One hundred and twenty Small Tailed Han sheep twin lambs with similar parity and weight were randomly divided into three groups with 40 lambs in each group,weaned at 30,40 and 50 d,respectively.After 90 d of age,6 lambs in each group were randomly slaughtered,rumen tissue and rumen fluid were collected,and rumen tissue morphology,fungal flora diversity and community structure were measured.The results showed that:1)average daily gain of 40 d weaned lambs were significantly the highest(P<0.05);2)the height of the rumen papilla and the thickness of the muscle layer were the highest in the weaning group at 40 d(P<0.05),while the thickness of the keratinized layer was significantly lower in the weaning group at 40 d(P<0.05);3)fungal flora richness and diversity were significantly higher in the weaning group at 40 d than in the other two groups(P<0.05);4)a total of 6 bacteriophytes were detected at the phylum level,among which Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of lamb,Basidiomycota,Mucoromycota and Cercozoa.The weaning group at 40 d was significantly higher than the other two groups(P<0.05).The abundance of Ascomycota was the highest in the weaning group at 30 d(P<0.05);5)at the genus level,the abundance of Debaryomyces and Penicillium was significantly higher than that of the other groups at 30 d after weaning(P<0.05).The abundance of Penicillium,Plectosphaerella,Boeremia and Wardomyces at 40 dafter weaning was the highest among the three groups.To sum up,weaning for 40 dcan promote the development of rumen tissue morphology to be improved,increase the diversity and richness of rumen fungal flora,improve the structure of rumen microbial flora,and contribute to the growth and development of lambs.

关 键 词：断奶时间 羔羊 瘤胃组织形态 瘤胃真菌 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]