金属切削液接触者健康状况调查  

Investigation of health effects among workers exposed to metal working fluids

作　　者：陆华[1] 王长勇[1] 赵方[2] 李琰[2] 高衍新[3] 杜英林[3] 邹立海[3] LU Hua;WANG Chang-yong;ZHAO Fang;LI Yan;GAO Yan-xin;DU Ying-lin;ZOU Li-hai(Department of Occupational and Environmental Health,Tai’an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tai’an Shandong 271000,China;Jining Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]泰安市疾病预防控制中心职业与环境卫生科,山东泰安271000 [2]济宁市疾病预防控制中心 [3]山东省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2021年第6期894-897,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2011HZ054)。

摘　　要：目的了解工作场所切削液的危害情况及接触者健康状况。方法将11家机械制造企业380名员工纳入暴露组(223人)和对照组(157人),进行健康状况问卷调查,比较两组的常见疾病和呼吸系统症状发生率。检测2个车间作业场所空气中切削油雾浓度,并观察工人作业状况。使用R3.5.0统计软件进行描述性统计分析。结果两个企业工作场所切削油雾浓度为0.33~6.81 mg/m^(3),几何均值为1.50 mg/m^(3)和1.05 mg/m^(3);工作场所空气中化学性有害因素浓度检测结果为:水基切削液使用场所乙二醇为<1.3~3.3 mg/m^(3),乙醇胺未检出,三乙醇胺为<4.5~6.1 mg/m^(3),油基切削液场所总多环芳烃未检出;暴露组皮炎、骨骼肌肉损伤(WMSDs)发生率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。呼吸症状发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论工作场所切削油雾浓度较高,且检测到化学性有害因素乙二醇、三乙醇胺。接触者的皮炎显著增加,与切削液暴露有关;WMSDs发病增加为不良人体工效学效应所致,机加工作业人员接触切削液的潜在健康危害应进一步深入研究。Objective To determine the hazardous situation of cutting fluids in the workplace and the health effects of workers exposed to MWFs.Methods 380 workers at 11 machinery manufacturing enterprises were categorized as MWFs ex⁃posed(223)or controls(157)and completed questionnaires,compare the incidence of common diseases and respiratory symptoms of the two groups.Airborne concentrations of oil mist were measured at 2 workshops,and work practices were ob⁃served.Use R3.5.0 statistical software for descriptive statistical analysis.Results Airborne concentrations of oil mist were 0.33-6.81 mg/m^(3),the geometric mean were 1.50 mg/m^(3)and 1.05 mg/m^(3),respectively.Airborne concentrations of chemi⁃cal factors of water-based cutting fluid working position were<1.3-3.3 mg/m^(3)for ethylene glycol and<4.5-6.1 mg/m^(3)for triethanolamine,ethanolamine was not detected,and the concentrations of oil-based cutting fluid the total polycyclic aro⁃matic hydrocarbons were not detected.These exposed workers had a significantly higher prevalence of dermatitis and work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)than unexposed workers(P<0.05),and a non significantly higher prevalance of respiratory symptoms(P>0.05).Conclusion The concentrations of oil mist are relatively high,and the chemical factors such as ethylene glycol and triethanolamine are detected.The higher prevalence of dermatitis symptoms is related to cutting fluid exposure,and WMSDs is caused by poor ergonomic effects.The potential health hazards of machining workers exposed to cutting fluid should be further studied.

关 键 词：MWFs 机械加工 健康影响 油雾浓度 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]